This beverage is also consumed in Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Iran, and it was popular during the time of the Ottoman Empire. London, Collins, 1978. (function(){ Four million Tanzanian orchids are currently sent from Tanzania to Zambia each year.18, Also in Africa, an amulet of leaves of Ansiella africana impregnated with a paste made from the pseudobulbs was said to work as a contraceptive, but, most conveniently, only in the short term for unmarried women.3, Orchids that feature in the Indian Pharmacopoeia are thought to include Vanda coerulea and possibly Coelogyne ovalis. Medicinal properties and uses of orchids: a concise review @inproceedings{Singh2012MedicinalPA, title={Medicinal properties and uses of orchids: a concise review}, author={Siddhartha Singh and Amit Singh and Sanjay Kumar and Mukul Kumar and Pramod Pandey and Kumar Saurav Singh and Arunachal Pradesh}, year={2012} } Medicinal uses of orchids in Europe For Dioscoride,Greek doctor of the first century,based on their testicle shape, the consumption of tubers of Orchis made more virile. All the parts of orchids namely root, stem and flowers contain medicinal properties. Medicinal uses of orchids. ARABIA - The earliest medical use of plant is in a 4000-year-old Sumerian clay tablet, but no one knows if this included any orchids. Moreover if given to men as whole fat new tubers this was supposed to produce male progeny, and if the shrivelled old tubers were given to women, this should produce female children. In the East, Salep was (and is) mainly made from Orchis morio, but it could be made in the UK from Orchis mascula, the early purple orchid (Figure 3), or from Orchis maculata or Orchis latifolia. The medicinal use of orchids continues in Chinese herbal medicine to this day, and therefore will be described under the heading of ‘The uses of orchids today’. In his Enquiry into Plants, he reported that the orchids had medicinal properties.1 In the first century AD, Dioscorides, who was a Greek working as a Roman military physician, wrote his De Materia Medica, including two terrestrial orchids.3,7 He adopted and promoted the ‘Doctrine of Signatures’ whereby plants were used for medicinal purposes according to their resemblance to parts of the human anatomy, for example by shape or colour. India160062 Email: amritpal2101@yahoo.com Issued 15 February … Research Journal of Medicinal Plants 2014; 8: 126-139. Shên-nung's herbal ‘cures’ were probably published many times, but were certainly published in 1600 in the Pun-tsae, a pharmacopoeia.2–4 Confucius (551–479 BC) called the orchid (lan in Chinese) the ‘King of Fragrant Plants’, and Chinese writings indicated that they stood for many things: ‘retirement, friendship, perfection, numerous progeny, all things feminine, noble and elegant’1—and some of these themes were echoed in Europe. Orchids are known for their aesthetic qualities, and they are often used as decorative items in homes, offices, and public places. Gastrodia sesamoides (roasted), Dendrobium speciosum and Caladenia species. Europe The Greeks referred to testicles as orchis , and Theophrastus (372–286 BC) named the orchids from that word, as the underground tubers of many European terrestial orchids resemble a pair of testicles 6 ( Figure 1 ). Bestow the bodily strength of a gladiator, Drive out fear and fortify the human heart, Improve food intake and reduce nausea and vomiting in patients given chemotherapy, Diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease (patients cannot smell vanilla), Mature canes (bruise and extract with spirit), Nourish stomach (promotes peristalis and gastric secretions), Replenish body fluid (treats dry tongue, thirst, red tongue), In China: treatment of stomach, oesophageal and lung cancer, Anti-cancer (stomach and lung cell lines), Copyright © 2020 Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. In East Asia, species from other genera were used for other medicinal purposed for thousands of years, as anti-inflammatory, against fever, for pain relief, fertility and rarely as an aphrodisiac. It is surprising that despite the large number of alkaloids in orchid tissue,23,24 no medicinal use for them has been proven. Fladby T, Bryhn G, Halvorsen O, Rose I, Wahlund M, Wiig P, Wetterberg L. Olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study. Besides alkaloids, they also possess flavanoids, phenanthrenes, terpenoids, bibenzyl derivatives and other })(). Interestingly, two species, Cyrtorchis arcuata and Eulophia cucullata, are employed to promote friendship, the former being dried and pounded into a powder and the latter prepared as an infusion of the roots. From: Williams JG, Williams AE, Arlett N. A field guide to the Orchids. Today, this takes the form of experimentation to assess toxicity, and subsequent randomized control trials to assess both efficacy and adverse effects. The therapeutic potentials of 29 indigenous orchids of both terrestrial (11) (Fig. • Aerides crispum is used as herbal medicinal cure for earache. In present day, orchids are known mostly for their beautifully formed flowers, fragrance or in some cases foliage. 2) and epiphytic (18) (Fig. ISBN 0002 19314 0. The medicinal use of orchids continues in Chinese herbal medicine to this day, and therefore will be described under the heading of ‘The uses of orchids today’. pubescens, Epipactis latifolia, E.giganteum, Goodyera pubescens, and many others listed, their uses in medicine; refer to A78-515+ : 0 hsjs.src = "//cta-service-cms2.hubspot.com/cs/loader.js?pg=148b6e4d-8008-441d-b07a-843491af718e&pid=52259&hsutk=" + encodeURIComponent(c); ISBN 7054 0569 9. They could also help improve the libido and fight fatigue. Orchids are the most diverse group amongst the angiosperms. Reinikka reports1 a Chinese legend that Shên-nung described Bletilla striata and a Dendrobium species in his Materia Medica of the 28th century BC. medicinal orchids; hence the need to explore biological activity and chemical composition of South African medicinal orchid species. Medicinal orchids have curative properties and are used in making medicines as these contain active ingredients. It is believed that these orchids have certain antibacterial substances and phytochemicals that can help in the treatment of certain illnesses. It takes 2600 tubers to obtain one kilogram of dried tubers, and the BBC reported in 2003 that one ice cream factory used up to three tonnes of Salep or twelve million plants in a year.12 Unsurprisingly, several orchid species in Turkey face extinction. var s='hubspotutk',r,c=((r=new RegExp('(^|; )'+s+'=([^;]*)').exec(document.cookie))?r[2]:''),w=window;w[s]=w[s]||c, Antiplatelet aggregation principles of Dendrobium loddigesii. setTimeout(function() {try{el.style.visibility="visible";}catch(err){}}, 2500); Nevertheless he only mentions one orchid, Vanilla, for flavouring, despite the fact that the Orchid family is claimed to be the largest plant family with about 30 000 species. In Mexico, besides Vanilla, D … Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla is used to treat hysteria, gastric ulcers and to … However, the use of orchids in medicine has declined over the years because not enough research has been done to determine their effectiveness and adverse effects. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. A tincture was also made to apply to the fingertips and improve the sense of touch.3, Table 4 lists some Chinese orchid preparations that are used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is said to be effective in curing sore throat, digestive problems, diarrhea, and gum disease. Other types of orchids that may possess medicinal properties include orchis latifolia, eulophia campestris, vanda tessellate, and vanda roxburghii. try{el.style.visibility="hidden";}catch(err){} Both are used in making ice-cream and beverages, although many are not enthusiastic about the aroma of Salep. *Diequiao Shihu—Dendrobium denneanum; Jichai Shihu—Dendrobium nobile. However, orchid products, the tubers, leaves or flowers, were introduced into medicine with no such testing, and ultimately their use has declined, not through being proven ineffective, but more through lack of evidence and changes in fashion. Time-Life International (Nederland) BV, 1979. Medicinal and dessert orchids Novy also pointed to a batch of lovely purple flowers with elongated green leaves called Bletilla Striata, or the Chinese Ground Orchid. (document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]).appendChild(hsjs); Elander M, Leander K, Rosenbloom J, Ruusa E. Studies on orchidaceae alkaloids. The Arabic word became corrupted in English to Salep. An orchid product called ‘Shihu’ is currently for sale and made from several Dendrobium species. Phytochemically, they have been reported to contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids and stilbenoids. Emperor Shen Nung, the “Father of Chinese Medicine”, mentioned a dendrobium species and bletilla striata in his medical writings in the 28th century BC. I shall continue to grow orchids despite their lack of therapeutic efficacy, and hope that one day a medicinal use will finally be established for these beautiful plants. In 1233, Chao Shih-Kng wrote Chin Chan Lan P'u, and described 20 species and how to grow them.3 In 1247, Wang Kuei-hsueh wrote his Treatise on Chineseorchids, and described 37 species. Orchids are one of the largest and most diverse groups of alkaloids, flavonoids etc. In the present investigation, description, “This book is primarily about medicinal orchids of Asia but also covers the general use of herbal ingredients for healing. Morris B. This article examines the medicinal uses of orchid plants in the Orient, Europe, the Americas, Australia and Africa, and concludes by examining their usage today. Since a long time ago, people from various parts of the world have used orchids for medicinal purposes. Ancient writers found it difficult to determine how orchids were fertilized, produced seed and propagated themselves. Chen CC, Wu LG, Ko FN, Teng CM. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Gastrodia elata is grown commercially (Rhizoma Gastrodia Elatae or Tian Ma). Orchids flowers are used as one of the cosmetic ingredients because of the orchid flowers can store water. Shên-nung described Bletilla striata and a Dendrobium species in his Materia Medica of the 2800 BC. The first Western volumes dedicated to orchids did not appear until Georg Eberhard Rumphius’ (1628–1702) Herbarium Amboinense was eventually published in 1741–1755, two of 12 volumes being devoted to orchids. In fact, in Turkey and Armenia, there is a frozen ice cream using part of the orchid, and everyone knows about Vanilla. It is used to treat allergies and relieve headache and fatigue. It is loaded with many benefits, it boosts the immune power, it kills worms in the stomach, it strengthens the bone, it prevents from constipation, it helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and energizes the teeth and bone. Today, its medicinal uses are confined to strong fever and abdomen pain [12]. Dendrobium huoshanese (Huoshan Shihu) has been widely recognized to boost human immune system. Table 1 describes the use of orchid products throughout European history. Moscatillin from the orchid Dendrobrium loddigesii is a potential anticancer agent. Kong J-M, Goh N-K, Chia L-S, Chia T-F. Read other articles in our website to learn more about the history of orchids. Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and Orchids. Medicinal Uses Comments; MEDICINAL USES: Around the World Orchids have been used from earliest times, for detailed geographical coverage refer to OBIII-84 : 0 MEDICINAL USES: Of Orchids Around the World From early times to the present; ailments and the specific orchids used for treatment or cures; refer to A59-268+ : 0 It is recommended for indigestion, rehydration, as an anti-pyretic, to increase white cells in the blood and reduce ‘fidgets’. In the Molucca islands the seeds of Grammatophyllum scriptum have been added to a woman's food to ensnare her for life! Orchids have been used in many parts of the world in traditional healing system as well as in the treatment of a number of diseases since the ancient time. The ethnobotanical approach used to select the orchid species for pharmacological and phytochemical research elsewhere, yielded valuable biological compounds. William Turner in the first English Herbal (1568) gave four main uses, including the treatment of alcoholic gastritis!8 Eleven years later, Williams Langham reported anti-pyretic, anti-consumption and anti-diarrhoeal effects.9 John Parkinson in 1640 still thought the tubers increased fertility in men,10 and the Ottomans extracted ‘Sahlep’ from the dried tubers. The pressure on Tanzanian orchids has fortunately led the Government to designate 135 square kilometres of the Kitulo Plateau as a new National Park. The tubers were mainly imported from the East but also came from Oxfordshire.11 In Hamlet, Ophelia's fantastic garlands included ‘long purples’ that were either generally known by a rude name or by the name ‘dead man's fingers’—if the former, a reference to testicles, then the orchids must have been of the genera Orchis or Ophrys, if the latter from the genus Dactylorhiza where the tubers are palmate and resemble fingers.3. Annex 1 Interview format for informants of orchids’ medicinal uses. Berliocchi also pointed out that Bourbon tea, popular in the nineteenth century, was made from an infusion of orchids from Mauritius and Reunion that included Angraecum fragrans. Key words: Orchids, medicinal plant, traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological activities. orchids are used in many parts of the world and in treatment of a number of diseases (Table 1): skin, infectious diseases, problems concerning the digestive, Improved food intake and reduced nausea and vomiting in patients given a restricted diet while receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. The medicinal properties of orchids were first discovered by the Chinese. Menashian L, Flann M, Douglas-Paxton D, Raymond J. Naturally this led to orchid tubers being used to heal diseases of the testicles, and to stimulate lust. Lawler LJ, Slaytor M. Uses of Australian orchids by Aborigines and early settlers. The earliest Middle East report of plant remedies is in a 4000-year-old Sumerian clay tablet,2 but I do not know if this included any orchids. Children of the Wind—Orchids as Medicines in Malawi. Medicinal Uses of Edible Orchids Orchids have not only been used for food, as shown with the vanilla seeds. Orchids have been here for a very long time. Orchids help to create medicines that help in relaxation and to get a restful night’s sleep. Search on ‘Orchids’. In Roman medicine,the orchids based aphrodisiacs drinks were called Satyrionbut it seems that their properties were more due to the aromatics they contained. Although the use of medicinal orchids is spread all over the world, little information is found for the Americas as far as number of species and cultural background. These include as ornamental, medicinal, food as well as religious and cultural tools. Table 3 describes the use of orchids by Australian aborigines and early settlers.16 In addition, many orchid bulbs were employed as emergency bush food, e.g. has been reported from orchids. Many of these uses have been documented in various research journals. They find mention in ancient texts, where they find mention because of their medicinal properties. Presumably this designation will protect some orchids. Fitzgerald DJ, Stratford M, Gasson MJ, Ueckert J, Bos A, Narbad A. Mode of antimicrobial action of vanillin against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum and Listeria innocua. The Aztecs had several uses for vanilla, but today its medicinal uses are confined to relieving nausea and improving food intake in patients receiving chemotherapy,13 and as a diagnostic aroma for Alzheimer's disease, loss of the sense of smell being an early manifestation of this condition.14 Although described as an antimicrobial agent,15 I am not aware if it is used in medicine for this purpose, although it may prolong the life of food products. Pant B: Medicinal orchids and their uses: Tissue culture a potential alternative for conservation. muscular energy [11]. The tubers of the Early Purple Orchid. Okamoto T, Natsume M, Onaka T, Uchmaru F, Shimizu M. The structure of dendramine (6-oxydendrobine) and 6-oxydendroxine. The Chinese were also the first to write books devoted to orchids. The orchids have become scarce in Zambia, and are now illegally imported from Tanzania. The fourth and fifth alkaloid from Dendrobium nobile. 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