Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. (2005). By making the decision-making process more . pros and cons of descriptive representation. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in Because of the decentralized nature of American elections, the analysis considered not only the effect of descriptive representation on confidence in the voters ballot being counted accurately but also ballots across their local jurisdiction (county or city), state, and the nation. On the other hand, to obtain qualitative information, the type of data obtained does not have to do with numbers or. Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. A re-assessment of the concept of political support. Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. (Babbie, 2008), The type of research design that is used during this research is known as qualitative research. It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. Due to the relatively small number of African Americans in our sample, we report 90% confidence intervals throughout for both white and black subjects. The moderating effects of education and ideology Beyond differences based on race, education and ideological orientation are likely to moderate voter responses to MCs of different races in several ways. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Baker, A., & Cook, C. (2005). Horizontal Communication Although the analysis focused on black Americans, descriptive representation more than likely matters for other racial and ethnic groups who often do not see themselves reflected in the street level bureaucrats they regularly encounter. Descriptive representation in legislatures and political alienation among latinos. It has received increasing attention as a source of subjects for social science researchers. This makes it easy for students to see where they stand in their academic performance. An integrated model of womens representation. There are two ways to carry out a pre-experimental design, which are as follows: In the case of descriptive research, there are three techniques to carry it out: Observation is one of the most used techniques when conducting descriptive research. Congresswomen and symbolic representation. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. It is not always wise to compromise. That prevents incumbents from staying in office, even if 60% of the population has voted against them. It is possible that subjects evaluations of these rates of descriptive representation depend on the type of community they are thinking of. The downsides of using descriptive research include that it is limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. 7. For a discussion of the representativeness and validity of MTurk as a data source, see Buhrmester etal. American Political Science Review, 95, 589602. Atkeson, L. R., & Carrillo, N. (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-016-9345-9. Pros: 1. 3. By using descriptive research in conjunction with other research methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon. That means the representatives are required to build consensus through compromise, which results in moderate, centrist policies instead of sliding to the left or the right. Vincent. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Want to share feedback on WAPPP's events, programming, and opportunities for student and alum engagement? We honor this tradition and work toward a gender equity agenda that addresses the needs of all women, including Indigenous women and Indigenous communities. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Mansbridge, J. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- . The effect of black voters interacting with a black poll worker when compared to a non-black poll worker increases the probability of being very confident in ballot accuracy from a range of 8 to 10 percentage points. That means those who serve in the government are less likely to focus on local issues as they have no local representation responsibilities. Naturalistic observation can be structured or unstructured; for this study, unstructured naturalistic observation was mostly used. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Using observation, qualitative data can be collected on the habits of supermarket customers regarding the purchases they make in it. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. Pantoja, A. D., & Segura, G. M. (2003). (2011) and Berinsky etal. The main difference between descriptive and substantive representation is that in descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent, whereas, in substantive representation, representatives focus on the issues of a particular group. Solving problems for constituents, especially problems involving government officials. Proportional representation is a system of political representation that has been growing by leaps and bounds. However, what good representation should be is debated. 3. It is for this reason that it can be said that a descriptive research is quantitative. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. pros and cons of descriptive representation. Correspondence to Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. Easton, D. (1975). These individuals are served byalmost one million citizens who volunteer to serve as poll workers at more than 100,000 polling locations across the United States. strontium citrate pros and cons; how to calculate lot coverage toronto; myapplications microsoft tjx; feng shui bird bath placement. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater More gridlock, instead of less, can be created, especially if more than two parties are involved in the coalition. Descriptive researchis atype of researchthat is responsible for describing the population situation or phenomenon around which his study focuses. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. The figure below presents the difference in the likelihood of a voter believing that their ballot, ballots locally, and ballots across the state are counted accurately with and without the presence of descriptive representation. Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe a population or phenomenon. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decisionmaking in their own right. That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Lombardo, E., & Meier, P. (2014). Given the important role that poll workers play as the street level bureaucrats that voters encounter and the role that descriptive representation can play in legitimizing government, it stands to reason that for minority voters, interacting with a poll worker of similar racial identity will increase confidence in elections. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). More people feel like they are adequately represented under this type of structure. . Rather than trying to convey the emotion or values in your brand, descriptive titles simply tell customers exactly what you do. Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. During the fall 2022 semester, students across Harvard University examined women's education as both a preventative tool and as a perpetrator of conflict in a course taught by Rangita de Silva de Alwis, HKS Adjunct Professor of Public Policy. Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). Since its origins in 1890 as one of the three main divisions of the University of Chicago, The University of Chicago Press has embraced as its mission the obligation to disseminate scholarship of the highest standard and to publish serious works that promote education, foster public understanding, and enrich cultural life. Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, The Black Agenda with Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman, Continuing Conflict: Old Challenges and New Debates, Revenge of the Patriarchs Why Autocrats Fear Women, We are a tinderbox: Political violence is ramping up, experts warn, Eliana La Ferrara: An economist looking at the world through a wider lens, Hourly and gig workers have it worse than we thoughtand why that matters for u, The reversal of reproductive rights in America is contrary to global trends. With more voices heard, there is a better chance that real action can be taken within the government. 2-3:30 pm It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. Dawson, M. C. (1995). Casework. The WAGE research initiative focuses on data-driven strategies organizations can use to "debias" their systems and create more inclusive workplaces, as well as interventions that enhance individuals agency in negotiating more gender-equitable work arrangements, including paid and unpaid labor. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012463884. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in congress? Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively However, descriptive research can also be limiting. It can help researchers understand the current state of affairs and provide a foundation for further research. Within election administration, a diverse population of poll workers serves as a means to facilitate confidence in elections and the legitimacy of election outcomes. About descriptive representation. The political representation of blacks in Congress: Does race matter? It allows different voices to be heard. Google Scholar. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. Race, representation, and trust: Changes in attitudes after the election of a black mayor. I claim that a . Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. This is an increasing trend since the previous Congress had three states which had, Further, immigrants also form part of Congress who totals. One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. what does silent notifications mean; why is there a shortage of paper towels again? Race, sociopolitical participation, and black empowerment. Some of the most important are listed below. They can determine results and guarantee their accuracy by manipulating and isolating certain variables, removing those that are extraneous and unwanted. American Political Science Review, 90, 794812. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. consumed. Carrying out a descriptive investigation that collects data about the political party that people will choose in the next elections, it is possible to predict, with a margin of error, the result that will be obtained in them. Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. (1993). Instead it tells us the what question what are the traits of the citizens or situation being studied? See Jane run: Women politicians as role models for adolescents. However the disadvantages are; lack of control of variables, observer bias, limited to public places or certain types of behaviours, which may create ethical issues. Posted on June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 Explore all the programs, projects, and initiatives at the Women and Public Policy Program. In Belgium, the negotiations required after their 2010 election to form a governing coalition took 18 months to complete, leaving a crippled government in its place where nothing got done. In, Correlational research is a type of non-experimental research in which investigators measure two variables and, Free association is one of the methods most closely linked to the psychoanalysisof Sigmund Freud, All Rights Reserved | View Non-AMP Version, Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research, Observational study definition characteristics techniques, Methodological framework definition/structure/examples, What are Research questions how to approach a study examples, What is Correlational research characteristics types and examples, What is free association origin contents of the unconscious problems. - 167.99.130.146. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This type of design does not allow to establish causal relationships, since they do not have the possibility of controlling variables, and their internal validity is not very reliable. Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal. Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. June 9, 2022 Posted by is bristol, ct a good place to live; Engendering politics the impact of descriptive representation on womens political engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. Example: The population may be all people living in India. The Women and Public Policy Program and the Harvard Kennedy School are located on the ancestral, traditional, and contemporary unceded homeland of the Massachusett people, the surviving descendants of the first people of Massachusetts and of the Neponset band of the Massachusett. Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation.

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