It has its origins in the works of Emile Durkheim, who was especially interested in how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable.As such, it is a theory that focuses on the macro-level of social structure, rather than the micro-level of everyday life. The book Street Corner Society, which studied the Italian slum known as "Cornerville," was written by. Merton says, is a "departure from the cultural model in which men are obliged to strive actively . According to Merton, which of the following would not be a socially approved means to achieving legitimate goals? Many gangs allow female members to assume leadership roles. …proposed by the American sociologist Robert K. Merton, suggests that criminality results from an offender’s inability to attain his goals by socially acceptable means; faced with this inability, the individual is likely to turn to other—not necessarily socially or legally acceptable—objectives or to pursue the original objectives by unacceptable means.… . Every social institution needs some values which help them perform there work smoothly. They sometimes uses the incidence of delinquency as both an example of social disorganization and something caused by disorganization. Robert Merton: The Functionalist. accepts the legitimate goals but rejects the socially approved means of acquiring those goals. __________ is an individual's perception of his or her rightful place in the reward structure of society. ROBERT K. MERTON Tulane University A FORMAL, rationally organized social structure involves clearly defined patterns of activity in which, ideally, every series of actions is functionally related to the purposes of the organization.' Social structure theories see __________ as a fundamental cause of crime. This theory points out the importance of how the "audience" responds to a person who commits a crime or to the crime itself. Robert K. Merton or Robert King Merton was known as Meyer Robert Schkolnick at the time of his birth and during his early years. The book The Code of the Street was written by, The average age for joining a gang today is approximately __________ years of age. According to differential opportunity theory, drug use predominates in the __________ delinquent subculture. Only the renewed publication in the year 1954 provided for public interest. Find GCSE resources for every subject. Economists and other social scientists have heeded its power for centuries; for just as long, politicians and popular opinion have largely ignored it. It was later modified for sociology by Robert K. Merton. Which of the following is characteristic of an individual experiencing personal deprivation? The worst economic disaster America had ever seen. Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) was one of the most influential sociologists of the twentieth century, producing clear theories and innovative research that continue to shape multiple disciplines. Relative deprivation theory was proposed by. He was a member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani, near Bardstown, Kentucky, living there from 1941 to his death. The concept of unintended consequences is one […] The concentric zone research conducted by Park and Burgess identified Zone __________ as being in transition. The culture conflict perspective was most clearly expressed by. A juvenile who becomes addicted to drugs or alcohol is an example of Cloward and Ohlin's Type __________ youth. However, equal access to those goals did not exist: there was a strain between the socially-encouraged goals of society and the socially-acceptable means to achieve them. Manifest and latent functions are social scientific concepts created by anthropologist, Bronislaw Malinowski in 1922 while studying the Trobiand Islanders in the Western Pacific. Which of the following is not one of Miller's focal concerns? He was an American sociologist who had spent a major part of … Merton’s anomie theory was published in 1938, but due to the unawakened social interest it represented a so-called “sleep theory”. What is the functionalist argument about deviance? According to Merton, the __________ mode of adaptation involves rejecting culturally defined goals but accepting socially approved means. What are the three factors that determine whether an individual will be labeled deviant or not? Every structure present in society must have the feeling of … Sherman's "hot spots" research found that __________ percent of places in Minneapolis generated __________ percent of all calls to the police. The concept of "wholesale" and "retail" costs for homicide was developed by, Differential opportunity theory was developed by. Because its referents are so diverse - including everything from minor working hypotheses, through comprehensive but vague and unordered speculations, to axiomatic systems of thought - use of the word often obscures rather than creates In 2015, women made up _____ of all U.S. prisoners in state or federal prison. the idea that American society emphasizes common success goals without providing equal access to the means of obtaining them. Robert K. Merton. __________ theories suggest that crime is the end product of factors such as inappropriate socialization and social learning. Which of the following is not one of the assumptions on which most sociological perspectives of crime causation are built? the process of learning deviance from others in your close realtionships who serve as role models and provides opportunitites for deviance. According to Miller, male involvement in fighting and sexual adventures while drinking represent which focal concern? He was 92. According to Robert K. Merton, a person who agrees with cultural go and the institutional means to achieve them exemplifies which of these modes of adaptation? America experienced The Great Depression from 1929 to 1939. Strain theory. __________ theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle. NEW! The broken windows perspective was developed by. In … Which of the following was not a result of the broken windows thesis? In "The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action" (1936), Merton tried to apply a systematic analysis to the problem of unintended consequences of deliberate acts intended to cause social change. According to Park and Burgess, Zone __________ contained mostly working-class tenements. Which is the least common mode of adaptation, according to Merton? a set of expected behaviors for a given social status, a violation of norms that typically elicits a response from someone. Which of the following is a critique of ecological theories? Merton was born July 4, 1910, and his extraordinary life story evokes both a very American trajectory appropriate to the holiday birthday and the … conformity In July 2017, United Nations delegates from 122 countries voted infavor of the Treaty of the Prohibition of Nuclear weapons. Robert K. Merton, one of the towering figures on whose shoulders contemporary sociology rests, died Sunday, February 23, 2003. Robert K. Merton hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people: who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires Josh and Wei are in a low-level reading group at school, and there is no opportunity for them to move to the higher-level reading group, even though they are capable. Operation Padlock in New York City was based on the concept of, The classic statement of strain theory was developed by. Merton (1938) concluded that Americans were socialised into believing in the American Dream; that a consensus existed about what people's social goals should be: success and material wealth. Early ecological theories of crime were collectively referred to as the __________ School of Criminology. Conflict theories see __________ as a fundamental cause of crime. Robert K. Merton Merton's strain theory stresses the idea that American society emphasizes common success goals without providing equal access to the means of obtaining them. Thus they have come full circle to the point of the reemergence of science in the modern world. the formal and informal attempts at enforcing norms, claims that society is made up of many competing groups whose difverse interests are continuously balanced, the customary and typical social arrangements that society's members use to base their daily lives on, things such as remarks from family or peers about a behavior meant to prevent it, strongly forced efforts to prevent a behavior such as from a police officer or a teacher, punshments or negative reactions toward deviance. Merton refines Durkheim’s remarks by describing the missing social rules that lead to anomie and linking them to the aspect of the value-medium discrepancy. - Define deviance and identify deviant acts. its claim that the community has a significant influence on behavior. Robert K. Merton was born Meyer R. Schkolnick in Philadelphia into a working class Eastern European Jewish Immigrant family. . Robert K. Merton. Which of the following was not part of Mobilization for Youth? Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganized urban transitional zone? claims that deviance resides in the very nature of an act and is wrong at all times and in all places. It is possible to predict the specific behavior of an individual member of a given group. to move onward and upward in the social hierarchy," thus putting to rest as a "terminological quibble" (Merton 1968:204) any arguments over whether ritualism is truly deviant behavior. Which of the following statements would not apply to Stark's theory of deviant neighborhoods? Which of the following is not a type of social structure theory? He argued that deviance, especially extremem froms, are functional in that they challenge and offend the established norms in the larger collective conscience and make members of society reconsider why some behaviors are deviant. 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