In 2006, Klein et al. The typical pedestal thickness for PRK and LASIK is approximately 5 m, but this value may vary depending on the specific medical excimer laser device and even the profile type. Femtosecond laser aided LASIK has been shown to provide better predictability of refractive outcomes and lower enhancement rates than LASIK performed using a Infectious keratitis in contact lens users and after LASIK. With normal vision, an image is sharply focused onto the retina. Financial disclosure: No related interests. Most surgeons make a flap thats about 160 microns. Serving Optometric Physicians in the Sprit of True Low residual stromal bed (RSB) thickness, Histopathology and Immunohistochemical characteristics, Binder PS, Lindstrom RL, Stulting RD, et al. Younger age may be a significant risk factor for ectasia in patients without other risk factors. 2. WebThe ultrasound waves measure the thickness of your cornea. It might be a few weeks before you can start to use cosmetics around your eyes again. The ideal approach to preventing post-LASIK ectasia would be to directly measure the structural integrity of the preoperative cornea, which PTA does not do, Dr. Waring said. WebCorneal thickness and curvature measurements are highly important in refractive surgery. It also identifies the thinnest point in the cornea, both by value and location. Percent tissue altered and corneal ectasia. The diagnostic criteria are a central corneal thickness (CCT) less than 500 mm, in addition to topographic asymmetry. [14] and even hyperopia.[15]. 2014 Jul;158(1):87-95.e1. [17], Light microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining of post-LASIK ectasia corneas demonstrated RSB thinning, hypocellular stromal scar, larger than normal artifacteous interlamellar cleft in RSB and fewer areas of Bowmans layer disruption than keratoconus. It does also appear to play a role in eyes with abnormal topography, Dr. Santhiago said. LASIK requires the creation of a tiny flap in order to access the stromal layers of the cornea. Ophthalmology 2002;109:175187. Immediately after surgery, your eye might itch, feel gritty, burn and be watery. This service is free of charge if patients proceed with surgery. LASIK is an excellent procedure for most patients with myopia and astigmatism. WebLASIK in Pregnant Patients. J Refract Surg 2008;24:S85S89. Keratomileusis and ALK were relatively imprecise mechanical techniques. J Refract Surg. Marsack JD, Parker KE, Niu Y,etal. Your chances for improved vision are based, in part, on how good your vision was before surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of a LASIK flap showing measurement of the flap and stromal bed thickness. In the Randleman et al score system, the most common risk factors, in order of significance include: Abnormal topography compromises of keratoconus, pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, or forme fruste keratoconus with an I-S value of 1.4 or more[9] and is the most significant factor with highest relative risk. You may have difficulty seeing at night after surgery, which usually lasts a few days to a few weeks. LASIK surgery may be an option for the correction of one of these vision problems: If you're considering LASIK surgery, you probably already wear glasses or contact lenses. Femto lasik laser; It is one of the eyes treatment techniques used in the treatment of hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism.In this treatment, valve preparation is done with a laser called "Femtosecond laser". Imperfect prescriptions are caused by irregularities in the cornea which can be perceived as nearsightedness, astigmatism, or farsightedness. 5th ed. 4 Santhiago MR et al. The lower numbers represent flap thickness and residual stromal bed thickness in microns, respectively. This is an application that allows the ophthalmology surgeon to perform multiple IOL (Intraocular lens) Power, and Toric (Astigmatic) calculations. J Refract Surg 2004; 20:S718S722. Contact the Excel Laser Vision Institute to learn whether you qualify for LASIK eye surgery and get started on the journey to clear, independent vision. Your corneal thickness measurement is a major key to having LASIK because we need to know how much tissue is available to reshape your cornea to correct your vision. The average central epithelial thickness was measured to be 52.6 4.1 m (40.9~60.6 m) before LASIK and 56.2 4.3 m (50.0~65.5 m) 3 months after LASIK (, Figure 2 ). Mayo Clinic; 2019. 2. Lifshitz T, Levy J, Klemperer I, Levinger S. Late bilateral keratectasia after LASIK in a low myopic patient. The average epithelial thickness at 5~6 mm annular zone was 51.6 6.6 m (39.6~67.4 m) before LASIK and 54.8 4.3 m (49.8~68.0 m) 3 months after LASIK It takes about two to three months after your surgery before your eye heals and your vision stabilizes. 2022 Excel Laser Vision Institute. DipCompSci(Cantab); Tariq A. Lewis, MSci, ARCS, OMT; Marine Gobbe, MSTOptom, PhD; Johnny Moore, FRCOphth, PhD, MD; Tara Moore, BSc, PhD Long-term Visual and Refractive Outcomes After Next, a contact lens-shaped layer just below the eyes surface is removed through this incision. Surgeons like a patient to have 250 microns of corneal tissue remaining after LASIK. Your doctor will provide specific guidelines depending on the type of contacts you wear and how long you've been a contact lens wearer. The method calculates the corneal transmittance from height data from the first and second corneal surface and local corneal thickness. 1 Santhiago MR et al. When you calculate the total cost of LASIK and compare that to the lifetime use of glasses or contacts, you will see that this procedure is a worthwhile investment. All rights reserved. Amoils SP, Deist MB, Gous P, Amoils PM. WebThinner corneas generally may be at a slightly higher risk for issues which is certainly worth considering and discussing with your surgeon as part of that bigger picture, but there isn't anything major that changes between the person with a 500um cornea vs the one with a 499um cornea. 2010;21:255-8. WebUse ICON Eyecare's LASIK calculator to estimate your lifetime savings in vision health. Using a programmed laser, your eye surgeon reshapes parts of your cornea. You may be given medicine to help you relax. reported on 1,992 LASIK cases with no identified risk factors, in which ectasia developed in a single patient (0.05 percent). Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Make a donation. Despite its advantages, PTA does have certain drawbacks. If LASIK is performed on a cornea that is too thin, vision changes can occur over time. Mechanical microkeratomes are typically labeled for nominal cut depths of between 120 and 180 m. In press. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. You might also have to wait several weeks before resuming strenuous contact sports, swimming or using hot tubs. Other tests which should be performed include measuring pupil size and eye movements and corneal aberrometry. People with a low grade of nearsightedness tend to have the most success with refractive surgery. Suite 310 Brea, CA 92821, 16130 Ventura Blvd., Suite #120 Encino, CA 91436. PTA is an additional significant risk factor for post-LASIK ectasia and may be considered in addition to residual stromal bed when determining the safety of an excimer laser treatment. J Refract Surg 2002;18:177184. This page was last edited on January 1, 2023, at 01:05. After measuring the thickness of your cornea, LASIK specialists will need to do some mathematical reasoning in order to determine if you are a safe candidate for the procedure. Corneal thickness is one of the eye conditions that LASIK specialists will check for before qualifying a patient for LASIK. Is there a family history? This helps conserve corneal tissue. If this happens, you might need another surgery to achieve the proper correction. For instance, if you have a very thick cornea and you take away three-quarters of it, a 250-m bed probably wont be good enough. Refractive Surgery. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Geggel HS, Talley AR. Flap related complications are extremely rare when the flap is prepared using a femtosecond laser. Ophthalmology 2008;115:3750. Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy, keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), peripheral retinal tears (especially in highly myopic eyes), systemic autoimmune disease, pregnancy, lactation, severe dry eyes, and significant blepharitis are contraindications. However, the numerical cutoff values are significantly lower, depending on the individual eyes risk profile, he said.4. Your doctor will discuss whether you're a candidate for the procedure or other similar procedures. Steroid and antibiotic drops are used for 4 to 10 days after surgery. But a thick flap may bear a more significant effect on the resulting biomechanics of the cornea than a thin flap would. This would be particularly true in instances in which an older mechanical microkeratome was used. (JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address), Corneal Cross-linking Comanagement Resources, Patient Education Video Library for use in Your Pactice, Direct Messaging with PCLI Details and addresses. The reason that this procedure has become so popular is that it is a long-term solution that actually corrects corneal aberrations, rather than just compensating for them. Refractive laser surgery (adult). When is LASIK not for me? Schallhorn SC, Farjo AA, Huang D, Boxer Wachler BS, Trattler WB, Tanzer DJ, Majmudar PA, Sugar A. Wavefront-Guided LASIK for the Correction of Primary Myopia and Astigmatism. This non-removable additive surgery corrects nearsightedness, astigmatism and other common refractive errors. 2014 Jul;158(1):87-95. During the procedure, you lie on your back in a reclining chair. LASIK evolved from a variety of techniques in refractive surgery. These reasons include the increasing popularity of corneal refractive surgery 1 3; the need for precise measurement of the intraocular pressure, which is influenced by the CT 3 5; the correlation of CT with based upon the theoretical Munnerlyn Formula. How the Thickness of Your Cornea Affects Getting LASIK, 6 Benefits of LASIK for Frequent Travelers, How to Select a Los Angeles LASIK Eye Surgery Center. Disclaimer: The calculations provided are an estimate and may vary from the numbers provided by the manufacturer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. George O. Waring IV, MD, FACS, is director of refractive surgery and assistant professor of ophthalmology at the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston and adjunct assistant professor of bioengineering at Clemson University in Clemson, S.C. Financial disclosure: No related interests. (JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)/*';l[1]='a';l[2]='/';l[3]='<';l[4]=' 109';l[5]=' 111';l[6]=' 99';l[7]=' 46';l[8]=' 105';l[9]=' 108';l[10]=' 99';l[11]=' 112';l[12]=' 64';l[13]=' 108';l[14]=' 101';l[15]=' 98';l[16]=' 109';l[17]=' 105';l[18]=' 103';l[19]=' 46';l[20]=' 110';l[21]=' 105';l[22]=' 108';l[23]=' 114';l[24]=' 97';l[25]=' 109';l[26]='>';l[27]='\"';l[28]=' 109';l[29]=' 111';l[30]=' 99';l[31]=' 46';l[32]=' 105';l[33]=' 108';l[34]=' 99';l[35]=' 112';l[36]=' 64';l[37]=' 108';l[38]=' 101';l[39]=' 98';l[40]=' 109';l[41]=' 105';l[42]=' 103';l[43]=' 46';l[44]=' 110';l[45]=' 105';l[46]=' 108';l[47]=' 114';l[48]=' 97';l[49]=' 109';l[50]=':';l[51]='o';l[52]='t';l[53]='l';l[54]='i';l[55]='a';l[56]='m';l[57]='\"';l[58]='=';l[59]='f';l[60]='e';l[61]='r';l[62]='h';l[63]='a ';l[64]='<';for (var i = l.length-1; i >= 0; i=i-1){ if (l[i].substring(0, 1) == ' ') output += "&#"+unescape(l[i].substring(1))+";"; else output += unescape(l[i]);}document.getElementById('eeEncEmail_CrgqwYqeOQ').innerHTML = output;/*]]>*/, Copyright 2023 Pacific In such cases where the cornea is too thin, LASIK can do more harm than good. Analysis of quantitative cohesive tensile strength in normal human corneas: implications for refractive surgery. 2006;25(4):388-403. The correction of high myopia may present a greater risk of post-LASIK ectasia and decreased quality of vision in some patients. After LASIK or PRK, the power of the anterior corneal surface can then be added to that of the posterior corneal surface (which is assumed to be unchanged), as expressed by the formula However, thicker flaps alone were insufficient to create ectasia unless coupled with greater ablation depthsand thus high PTA values. Complications that result in a loss of vision are very rare. DETECT THE HIDDEN DANGER OFTHYROID EYE DISEASE (TED), 2022 Horizon Therapeutics plc DA-UNBR-US-01273 12/22, Easy Calculation Evaluates Post-LASIK Ectasia Risk, Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, Dr. Richard Mills' Opinions, 2002 to 2016, International Society of Refractive Surgery. WebBecause a small incision (2-3 mm) is used in place of an entire flap, corneal nerve severance is minimal in comparison to LASIK. After its development, the excimer (excited dimer) laser was used to reshape the cornea in a technique called photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). https://eyewiki.org/w/index.php?title=Ectasia_After_LASIK&oldid=87816, Abnormal topography, RSB <240 microns, corneal thickness less than 450 microns and Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE)> -14 D, Inferior steepening pattern or skewed radial axis in topography, RSB between 240 to 259 microns, age between 18 to 21 years, corneal thickness between 451 to 480 microns, MRSE between -12 to -14 D, RSB between 260 and 279 microns, age between 22 to 25 years, corneal thickness between 481 to 510 microns and MRSE between -10 to -12 D, Asymmetric bowtie pattern in topography, RSB between 280 to 290 microns, age between 26 to 29 years, MRSE between -8 to -10 D, Normal pattern or symmetric bowtie, RSB more than 300 microns, age more than 30 years, corneal thickness more than 510 microns, MRSE less than -8 D, Chan CC, Sharma M, Wachler BS. Refractive Accuracy of Barrett True-K vs Intraoperative Aberrometry for IOL Power Calculation in Post-Corneal Refractive Surgery Eyes. The statistical (regression) approach [8] The pachymetric map can useful in detecting incipient keratoconus. This totals 196 to 202 microns of corneal tissue. This page has been accessed 149,374 times. As this is a multifactorial risk-benefit analysis, Dr. Waring said, he would also ask the following questions: What does the topography look like? Rabinowitz YS, McDonnell PJ. In a study evaluating the outcome of LASIK in high myopia, Reinstein et al showed that postoperative spheriqual equivalent was 0.50 D in 55% and 1.00 D in 83% of eyes after primary treatment. J Refract Surg2008; 24:S726S729. [16] A PTA of 40% is an indicator of a higher risk for ectasia. INTERMEDIATE VISION AFTER PRESBYOPIA CORRECTION. The surgeon adds the expected flap thickness (FT) to the planned ablation depth (AD), and then divides the sum by the eyes central corneal thickness (CCT). The Academy uses cookies to analyze performance and provide relevant personalized content to users of our website. Illustration of excimer ablation of the stromal bed in myopic LASIK. In eyes with normal vision, the cornea bends (refracts) light precisely onto the retina at the back of the eye. The researchers are also investigating the possible utility of the PTA equation in corneas with suspicious topography. But we know that the whole eye is a very complex, dynamic, and fluid biomechanical system, Dr. Waring said. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. This page was last edited on January 8, 2023, at 17:15. J Refract Surg2009; 25:S807S811. Am J Ophthalmol. The ablation depth for myopic LASIK on the VISX laser is between 12-14 microns, depending on the optical zone. Residual refractive error can be corrected after stabilization, typically by relifting the flap and ablating the stromal bed in a retreatment procedure (also called an enhancement). Santhiago MR, Smadja D, Gomez BF, Mello GR, Monteiro MLR, Wilson SF, and Randleman JB. Kannellopoulos et al showed that pregnancy did not induce significant changes in refractive error, corneal stability, and total corneal and epithelial thickness in women after LASIK up to 1 year postop. When corneal thickness is unknown, this calculator defaults to the average corneal thickness of 540 microns. These usually clear up after a few weeks or months, and very few people consider them to be a long-term problem. LASIK is also a better option than PRK for correcting more severe nearsightedness (myopia). This compared with a mean PTA of 31.9 percent 5.8 in 174 control eyes that came through LASIK with no problems. Effect of inferior-segment Intacs with and without C3-R on keratoconus. LASIK surgery causes a temporary decrease in tear production. Rigid contact lenses should be removed for several weeks and soft lenses for several days to weeks before examination. WebCorneal Thickness Calculator For laser vision correction candidates LASIK Fee Collection For the pre and post-op care you provide Helpful ICD-10-CM Resource Quick reference to eye codes Lifetime Achievement Award Dr. Stanfield honored with Lifetime Achievement Award. LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) is a surgical procedure designed to correct refractive errors. The flap allows access to the deeper layers of your eye. WebFor a flap procedure, such as LASIK or IntraLASIK, the standard of care in the United States is to leave at least 250m behind after subtracting out the flap thickness and ablation depth. Custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses have been used in keratoconus with similar visual acuity compared to RGP and decreased aberrations.[21][22]. [20], Various types of contact lenses such as rigid gas permeable (RGP), custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses, hybrid lenses and tandem soft contact lens-rigid gas permeable lenses can be used for visual rehabilitation. Translate: 720-524-1001 Cornea; Dry Eye; Glaucoma; Keratoconus; Retina; Uveitis; Corneal Cross-Linking; Clear Lens Exchange; EVO ICL; Patient Info. WebThe average normal corneal thickness is 540-700 microns, from center to periphery, with the greatest thickness nasally and superiorly. Rarely, some people's eyes slowly return to the level of vision they had before surgery. Santhiago MR, Smadja D, Gomes BF, Mello GR, Monteiro ML, Wilson SE, Randleman JB. Your eye doctor will also measure your cornea, noting the shape, contour, thickness and any irregularities. Randleman JB, Woodward M, Lynn MJ, Stulting RD. Accessed Aug. 15, 2019. Post-LASIK ectasia may occur when the biomechanical stability of the cornea is altered. Use this tool to estimate if myopic patients have enough corneal thickness to proceed with laser vision correction. Translate: Search. This is a particularly important requirement for a few reasons. reported 23 cases (0.57 percent), out of 4,027 eyes. Corneal flap thickness was set at 120 m (all flap pedicles were located in the upper portion of the eyes), excimer laser cutting energy at the corneal stromal bed at 1.0 J, femtosecond laser scanning line distance at 8 m, spot pitch at 8 m, and flap edge cutting energy at 1.3 J. Reported rates of post-LASIK ectasia in eyes without identified risk factors have declined in recent years: 1 Klein SR et al. All we need from you is their refraction. Thus, percent tissue altered is derived from (FT + AD) CCT. You'll have a follow-up appointment with your eye doctor one to two days after surgery. A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Not everyone can be eligible for LASIK because there are certain factors that can affect the accuracy of the results and the safety of the patient. Compared to conventional mechanical microkeratomes, femtosecond lasers create LASIK flaps with more predictable and uniform thickness, and fewer complications. Wavefront-guided LASIK, also called custom LASIK, is a variation of LASIK where the excimer laser ablates a sophisticated pattern based on measurements from a wavefront aberrometer (Figure 4). The association is more robust than all the variables isolated, and I use the formula with my patients every day, said Dr. Santhiago, at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Intracorneal ring segment implantation in corneas with post laser in situ keratomileusis keratectasia. The PTA equation accounts for the biomechanical effects of a combination of risk factors, unlike a potentially oversimplified approach of looking at risk factors individually, Dr. Waring said. Figure 4. You'll be able to see after surgery, but your vision won't be clear right away. 3 Randleman JB et al. Follow your doctor's recommendations about how soon you can resume your normal activities. The microkeratome (or femtosecond laser) is used to create a hinged corneal flap. Do I think this is going to be a big metric 10 years from now? Patients may have mild postoperative discomfort for 4 to 6 hours following LASIK treatment, during which time they should keep their eyes closed and rest or take a nap. Patient eligibility, choice of surgical technique, risk for late complications,13 and the amount of ablation depend on accurate analysis of corneal topography. Given the elective nature of LASIK, it seems logical that the balance of risk acceptance should be weighted toward minimizing risk, especially when other procedures are available for refractive correction.. WebObjective. It is uncertain if there is any relationship between LASIK and an increased incidence of postoperative retinal detachment. 3. Clin Ophthalmol. Bower KS. The mean postoperative central corneal thickness was 392.05 m (range: 363.00399.00 m). If the flap created during the LASIK procedure is irregular, incomplete, or buttonholed, laser treatment cannot safely be performed in the same session. This might happen due to certain conditions, such as abnormal wound healing, hormonal imbalances or pregnancy. Last summer, a joint Brazilian-U.S. group reported that a PTA of greater than 40 percent was the most significant independent variable associated with post-LASIK ectasia in eyes with normal-appearing corneas before surgery.1,2. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Ferrara P, Torquetti L. Clinical outcomes after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring with a 210-degree arc length. The axial map placido disc-based topography pattern classification using in this score system consists of: Includes round, oval, or symmetric bowtie patterns. Portland, Tualatin, Yakima, Spokane,Bellevue, Bellingham, WebObjective. LASIK surgery is performed with a laser programmed to remove a defined amount of tissue from a part of your eye called the cornea. Despite the early reported cases of ectasia for extreme myopia (more than 12 D), post-LASIK ectasia has been reported in numerous patients with low myopia Flap thicknesses can deviate significantly from the nominal setting and routine measurement can help the surgeon evaluate the range of actual thickness obtained. Corneal ectasia after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery: histopathology, ultrastructure, and pathophysiology. All rights reserved. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:279 283. This means that after the flap has been made and the prescription is applied, you should have that much left. What should I expect before, during, and after surgery? WebExcimer Laser consumption calculator: After inserting the refraction intended to treat, you will see the Tissue Consumption (TC) for the different Optical Zones (OZ). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this test, a scanner creates a highly detailed chart, similar to a topographic map, of your eye. In farsightedness (hyperopia), your cornea doesn't refract light properly, so the point of focus falls behind the retina. Some surgeons consider off-label treatments combining ICRSs with corneal crosslinking, and others even consider perfoming additional customized excimer laser ablation. The cornea is marked to aid in postoperative flap alignment. Clear. The most important thing to remember is that the available tools are not mutually exclusive, he said. The app can be used by entering patients personal data, refraction of each eyes, keratectomy values, pachymetry of the cornea and type of refractive surgery. Refractive surgery. Your results depend on your specific refractive error and other factors. Read more Less serious side effects such as dry eyes, night time starbursts, and/or reduced contrast sensitivity occur relatively frequently. [19]Confocal microscopic analysis of post-LASIK ectasia showed unevenly distributed highly reflective collagen scars with reduced keratocyte density and background transparency at the anterior stroma compared to normal post-LASIK eyes. Dry eyes. WebFor example, pre-treatment refractive power, as well as thickness and curvature changes following corneal incisions, are used to perform post-operative calculation of the total corneal refractive power (TCRP) after LASIK treatment. Ophthalmology. Corneal thickness can influence the actual reading of the amount of pressure in the eye. Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK). Here are some of the qualifications and facts that LASIK specialists consider: After measuring the thickness of your cornea, LASIK specialists will need to do some mathematical reasoning in order to determine if you are a safe candidate for the procedure. Cornea. The Optical Zone will depend on the pupil size and the type of laser. Association between the percent tissue altered and post-laser in situ keratomileusis ectasia in eyes with normal preoperative topography. Delayed onset keratectasia following in situ keratomileusis. Clin Ophthalmol. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Kim TI, et al. The data from published studies indicates that WFG LASIK is both safe and effective. Tissue Consumption (TC) should not be more than 25% of Central Corneal Pachymetry (CCT) or more than 150m. After reshaping the cornea, the surgeon lays the flap back into place. A residual posterior stromal thickness of at least 250 m is recommended to reduce the risk of post-LASIK ectasia. Nowadays, corneal tomography and keratoconus detection softwares such as the BAD display on the Pentacam or the SCORE analyser on the Orbscan help to screen between normal corneas and ectasia susceptible corneas. Dr. Stanfield honored with Lifetime Achievement Award.Read more , Our mission is to provide the best possible comanagement services to the profession of Optometry. WebThe IOL Calculator is meant to serve as an adjunct tool to assist physicians in selecting the appropriate IOL for a particular patient. We hope these items are useful to your practice. Includes the following asymmetric patterns: Includes keratoconus, pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, or forme fruste keratoconus with an I-S value of 1.4 or more.[9]. However, after a healing period, a secondary LASIK or PRK procedure may be performed in some cases. The amount of your prescription is also a key component with corneal thickness. WebRead reviews, compare customer ratings, see screenshots and learn more about Panacea IOL & Toric Calculator. FRCOphth; Glenn I. Carp, MBBCh, FC Ophth(SA); Timothy J. Archer, MA(Oxon), Kymionis GD, Diakonis VF, Kalyvianaki M, et al. Randleman JB, Russell B, Ward MA, et al. Treatment strategies for corneal ectasia. After LASIK surgery, the patient should have a minimum of 250 microns of corneal thickness remaining (flap thickness not included. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/lasik-2, https://eyewiki.org/w/index.php?title=LASIK_for_Myopia_and_Astigmatism:_Safety_and_Efficacy&oldid=88234.
