. The combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)-Redlich-Kister equation is . I'm using it for spot treatment of some hyper pigmentation (less than 1% of my body). Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. Eng. This is seen at about a pH of 3.50 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and again at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. Hydroquinone is highly susceptible to ring substitution by Friedel-Crafts reactions such as alkylation. ADS We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Color stability improvement is evident at all levels. Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol Features & Benefits Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMO Extremely low vapor pressure USP Grade European Pharma Grade Drug master file available upon request Applications : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. 0000005306 00000 n Rev. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), are beneficial for improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Hydroquinone compositions are effective but have some undesirable side effects. 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. The Density of hydroquinone is . 29(3): 283-330, 1999. Hi, let us know if you have any questions as you visit our website. Eng. S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. 49, 313321 (2015). J. Chem. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. . application/pdf Eng. Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:[8]. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. The present invention combats this problem, with hydroquinone compositions in the neutral pH range, preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. It is a reducing agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. [O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1, OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, Antibiotics FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O, [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate, [Na+]. 374 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 376 /H [ 807 1414 ] /L 581425 /E 96582 /N 109 /T 573826 >> endobj xref 374 19 0000000016 00000 n The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Benzoic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone in Water and in 1-Octanol at Temperatures from 297.25K to 334.45K. volume42, Articlenumber:1 (2021) Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Solute (1 g) Water Boiling Water Alcohol Chloroform Ether Other Acenocoumarol 67,000 280 130 1800 Acetaminophen 20 10 1 N sodium hydroxide, 15 Acetohexamide 230 210 Acetylcysteine 5 4 Acetyldigitoxin 6100 62.5 12 >10,000 Ammonium Alum 7 0.5 Aluminum Chloride 0.9 4 Aluminum Sulfate 1 Amantadine Hydrochloride 2.5 5.1 18 polyethylene glycol 400, 70 One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. Cite this article. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I Anal. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Hydroquinone undergoes oxidation under mild conditions to give benzoquinone, process which is reversible. Hydroquinone is extensively used as a photographic developer, an antioxidant, and a stabilizing agent for readily oxidizable polymers. C6H4O2) is formed. A specific embodiment of the invention is listed in the following table. New experimental data are provided for the solubility of resorcinol in water and salicylic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone in 1-octanol. The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. All Rights Reserved, View All Eastman Hydroquinone USP Articles. Hydroquinone is considered to be readily biodegrable and photodegradable. 109. protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. Fill out the form below, and we will send you the document as soon as we can! 0000003430 00000 n [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. Also in this embodiment is a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, which further helps to maintain the acceptable color desired in the hydroquinone composition. vz >I d50dwp?i4,H3. Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. 0 7 r @ &. For more information, please see our Eng. Eng. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. Hydroquinone is soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol [17]. Classical photo shops . and our "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. - 65.21.225.73. A preferred embodiment utilizes encapsulation. Availability. Your document download will begin shortly. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. 0000053439 00000 n Environ. This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. 330, 4851 (2012), A. Shalmashi, A. Eliassi, J. Chem. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . 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