To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. 0000001143 00000 n 0000001533 00000 n epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? 0000106240 00000 n follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. 0000006011 00000 n 0000006538 00000 n Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. 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Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. hb```b````e``n`d@ A 'EF''oquE"ky#:}m;9JmkPt~=unFHy&|X:70 vILZ*|%6mD! For example, Subject Areas: The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. The vertical lines, spaced one X!.43p2t!}SLx-3z.KN4X+H\+vk? Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Moment magnitude scale. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. earthquake. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? travel time for P waves. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . H\0y 0000000016 00000 n What data is used to determine magnitude? 0000003991 00000 n 0000078100 00000 n miles from the epicenter of an 0000008088 00000 n In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. 0000002250 00000 n Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. The Earthquakes Living Lab gives students the chance to track earthquakes across the planet and examine where, why and how they are occurring. from the epicenter will be 14 8. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. It shows the time required for P Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. Add to FlexBook Textbook. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. 61 33 A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. (i. 0000000956 00000 n To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. We additionally manage to pay for . technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. 0000002658 00000 n HlRnQ?R\>BjK' Click on New Document and select the file importing option: upload Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key from your device, the cloud, or a protected link. What is an earthquake? All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. 0000078169 00000 n S waves. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. at that station. P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream (Grades Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. 0000006984 00000 n Though the distance to the epicenter can be determined using a travel-time graph, the direction cannot be told. 3. 0 0000004060 00000 n moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. hb```f``Rl@ (l"`+uk?0.a~@6Vm;| G3f`75@v@Wz|A4#w9{(` ) Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . 0000003254 00000 n =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. (Grades earthquake though). Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. %PDF-1.3 % The travel-time graph n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 1. How does the lag time change as you get farther and This worksheet focuses on using the p and s graph to find different variables. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. 0000008845 00000 n Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream between arrival of P and S waves is called This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. How is the magnitude of an earthquake determined? Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. At least 3 earthquake recording stations are required to find the location of the earthquake epicenter. HTAn earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. 0000000856 00000 n Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. by. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. Last modified July 18, 2012. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. travel 3,000 miles. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. As the drum rotated, the How does the Mad Scientist. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. The calculated distance from each seismometer to the earthquake is shown as a circle. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 0000033429 00000 n Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. different types of seismic waves. Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects. 0000001893 00000 n The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are Do limits exist on what science can predict? (Grades 9 - 12). The farther a station is from the CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. 0000002009 00000 n Resources. Mr Gneiss. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. !5(~q* 9 - The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. waves from a distant earthquake. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. What data is used to determine magnitude? located 1,000 miles from the 0000004224 00000 n 9 - Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. Expert Answer. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Then do the same for the S-wave. Figure 1 is a simplified example of a earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! 0000053998 00000 n Many updates and improvements! El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? What are those limits? The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. and S waves to travel any distance up to 6. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter. Section A - Operator Information 1. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. 0000001396 00000 n Therefore, the lag 0000004457 00000 n Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. 3000 miles. Figure 2. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. 0000001408 00000 n A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. It takes S waves 14. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) Alignment agreement: A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. How might they use this information? For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream What types of engineers might use this data the most? Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. $8.25. 0000002383 00000 n endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. Thanks for your feedback! Thanks for your feedback! Share with Classes. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, 0000031066 00000 n time for any point that is 3,000 miles epicenter of an earthquake, how Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram.
