On the other hand, a study that examined a mixture of L. acidophilus and other probiotics found that it had no effect IBS symptoms (24). The effects of probiotics in lactose intolerance: A systematic review. People can also obtain this probiotic through their diet. 2021 Nov 30;10(12):1930. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121930. When there is a good balance of bacteria in the intestines, it can improve the function of the immune system, support proper nutrient absorption and alleviate digestive ailments. L. acidophilus is a common probiotic strain that manufacturers often add to their brands of yogurt. Microbiologyopen 2015 Oct;4(5):803-13. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.280. J Dairy Sci 2015 Nov 18. pii: S0022-0302(15)00847-4. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10114. People rarely use S. thermophilus as a single-strain probiotic, but it plays an important role in the fermentation process because it stabilizes other probiotic bacteria that do not grow well in milk. Other strains, such as L. Rhamnosus are used to combat IBS, diarrhea and constipation. In this article, we list the best probiotic foods and ways, Starting the day off right with a healthful breakfast is essential for curbing hunger and boosting metabolism. Siggi's. In order to help people differentiate between brands containing live cultures and those that . This might be explained by another study suggesting that taking a low dose of single-strain probiotics for a short duration may improve IBS symptoms the most. by American Society for Microbiology. This strain produces lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, that makes the gastrointestinal environment hostile for undesired organisms. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade-specific signature genes . We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. (2014). 1 that mushy substance formed during the prolonged precuring process in cheese manufacturing in which the natural action of lactose fermenting culture originally resident in butter milk was utilized to acidify milk. FAGE Total Plain Yogurt in 0%, 2% and 5% fat and FAGE TruBlend are Greek-style yogurts that contain L. acidophilus and four additional live and active bacterial cultures including S_. In this study, to understand whether d-allulose, an ultra-low calorie sweetener, was available in soy yogurt fermentation, we isolated Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum from kimchi and fermented in soymilk at various contents of d-allulose and sucrose. The global Lactobacillus Probiotics market size is projected to grow from USD 1226.4 million in 2022 to USD 1949.7 million in 2029; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 1949.7 from 2023 to 2029. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'thedairydish_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thedairydish_com-medrectangle-3-0');In order for a bacteria to be technically defined as a probiotic, it must provide a health benefit to the body. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Probitico multicepas, cada tableta tiene 200 millones de Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 y DSM 17938 Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 y DSM 17938. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A new yoghurt milk research project is now transforming lives of smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. A separate study examined how the combination of L. acidophilus and a prebiotic affected human gut health. McFarland, L. V., Evans, C. T., & Goldstein, E. J. C. (2018, May 7). 2004 Mar;5(1):1-8. A recent study that combined the results of 17 human studies and over 60 animal studies found that some lactobacilli species led to weight loss, while others may have contributed to weight gain (36). karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan yoghurt angkak biji durian dengan berbagai tingkat penambahan ekstrak ubi jalar ungu skripsi oleh: Although strong responses were also observed for IgG anti-cholera toxin in serum, the responses did not differ among groups. (2020). Your email address will not be published. Eating fermented foods with live probiotics can have powerful benefits for your body and brain. Yogurt is made with milk using live & active cultures, which can contain different varieties of probiotics. Its name gives an indication of what it produces lactic acid. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects up to one in five people in certain countries. What Are Live & Active Cultures in Yogurt? Kryssyjean. Epub 2015 Apr 1. government site. Can poor sleep impact your weight loss goals? Int J Food Microbiol 2015 Feb 2;194:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.11.007. Healthy bacteria like L. acidophilus can boost the immune system and thus help reduce the risk of viral infections. For the most current information, check the label or with the manufacturer to verify the product/brand still contains Lactobacillus acidophilus. Additionally, you'll want to check the label for protein and go with one that has 5 grams or more of protein per serving. Allergies are common and can cause symptoms such as a runny nose or itchy eyes. Whether its obtained through foods or supplements, L. acidophilus can provide health benefits for everyone. This bacterium doesn't cause disease and helps vitamin K production. More specifically yogurts were produced using the probiotic microorganism Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 in combination with the traditional yogurt culture Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. do not contain the enzyme catalase. bulgaricus isolates and phenotypic characteristics associated with fermentation time and flavor production in yogurt elucidated using multilocus sequence typing. Lactobacillus spp. Burton, J. P., Chanyi, R. M., & Schultz, M. (2017). L. acidophilus as a probiotic supplement may be useful in preventing vaginal disorders, such as vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. This article reviews the benefits, safety, and side. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. Learn what this helpful bacterium does, how it can help you lose weight, and, While there are many health benefits linked to taking probiotics, there can also be side effects. L. acidophilus is one of the most common types. Probiotic bacteria can interact with antibiotics and should be taken at least two hours apart from each other. Vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis are common types of vaginal infections. Probiotics, mechanisms of action, and clinical perspectives for diarrhea management in children. Which is great news since this also creates an environment not suitable for harmful bacteria. are members of the family Lactobacillaceae. The bacteria in your intestines help control food digestion and a number of other bodily processes. Probiotics promote the growth of "good" bacteria through fermented foods like yogurt and over-the-counter supplements. thermophilus_, Bifidus, L. bulgaricus and L. Yogurt naturally contains certain types of probiotic, but some manufacturers add additional types, which may include L. acidophilus. There are a number of different strains of Lactobacillus probiotics available. (1992). "Flaxseed is about 95% percent fiber. This is especially true for bad LDL cholesterol. Eating yogurt that contains lactobacillus can help reduce the bad cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein that causes heart disease. Nutrients That Greek Yogurt Contributes to Your Diet. It is packed with a number of probiotics including lactobacillus acidophilus. In a randomized double-blind controlled trial, 60 people (23 males and 37 females) with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) greater than 2.6 mmol/L were assigned to 2 groups. Isolation and identification of probiotic. Savaiano, DA. Lactobacillus is a popular probiotic. Depending on your desired health outcome, you may want to buy a Lactobacillus yogurt product that contains a specific strain of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Without Using Stain. Yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus may help lower your cholesterol, and thus your heart disease risk as well. b) Add 1/3 cup of L. reuteri yogurt or whey from a previous batch (frozen and defrosted may be used) to the slurry and mix in. C) The bread will not rise. Aunsbjerg SD, Contribution of volatiles to the antifungal effect of Lactobacillus paracasei in defined medium and yogurt. Turroni, F., Taverniti, V., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Duranti, S., Guglielmetti, S., Lugli, G. A., Ventura, M. (2014, January). If you want fermented pickles, look in the refrigerated section of the grocery store. Avoid full-fat and flavored varieties in favor of plain nonfat yogurt, which is lower in sugar, fat and calories. The Chobani Greek-style yogurt offers seven varieties that include lactobacillus acidophilus. It also produces vitamin K and lactase, the enzyme that breaks down the sugars in milk products. Efficacy of probiotic supplementary therapy for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maintaining a healthy pH balance can inhibit the growth of bad or pathogenic bacteria that can cause diseases. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. In addition to probiotic supplements, L. acidophilus can be found naturally in a number of fermented foods, including sauerkraut, miso and tempeh. It was found that probiotic supplementation of either L. casei or L. yoghurt, one day after Giardia infection, reduced the severity of infection . Basically, what all of this means is that probiotics may have a positive impact on your overall health, especially gastrointestinal health. This has been demonstrated in studies using probiotics and prebiotics, both as supplements and in fermented milk drinks (8). Their regular yogurt products, which include Original, Light, Whips, and Lactose-Free yogurts, all contain L. acidophilus. Yogurt is also high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, so yogurt products with live and active probiotics make a great addition to any balanced diet. Lactobacillus yogurt is a natural health product that poses a low risk of side effects for the majority of individuals. It's used to make yogurt, Swiss cheese and probiotic supplements to promote digestive health. It showed that taking a combination of L. acidophilus and another probiotic reduced runny nose, nasal blocking and other symptoms of pollen allergy (45). Du X, et al. YAKULT FERMENTED PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS YOGURT DRINK (100ML X 4PCS) 10 x 400ml WAHAHA . The bacteria should be listed. Probiotics are good bacteria that are either the same as or very similar to the bacteria that are already in your body. Number C08017 Brand WAHAHA Pieces/carton . bulgaricus and . The product contains calcium and phosphorus; another mineral essential for healthy bones and has a low level of saturated fat. This has led the European Food Safety Authority to ban the word probiotic on all foods in the EU. Greek yogurt has similar benefits to regular yogurt, but it is higher in protein and lower in calcium. It is nonflagellated, nonmotile and nonspore-forming, and is intolerant to salt. The NCCIH also note that while Lactobacillus strains are safe for most people to consume, they may not be safe for those with underlying health issues or weakened immune systems. Streptococcus is the third family of probiotic strains. Interestingly, the probiotics reduced the amount of an antibody called immunoglobulin A, which is involved in these allergic reactions, in the intestines. L. acidophilus is a normal bacteria in healthy intestines, but you can reap a number of health benefits by taking it as a supplement or consuming foods that contain it. However, its important to choose a probiotic supplement that has been scientifically proven to benefit IBS. In this article, learn about the best, While yogurt is a popular probiotic food, it is not suitable for vegans. Bioengineered Probiotics: Synthetic Biology Can Provide Live Cell Therapeutics for the Treatment of Foodborne Diseases. Probiotics can improve your health. DOI: mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-acidophilus/art-20361967, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769995/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680649/, health.clevelandclinic.org/probiotics-what-you-need-to-know-2/, whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=124, 9 Ways Lactobacillus Acidophilus Can Benefit Your Health, 11 Probiotic Foods That Are Super Healthy, 10 of the Best Probiotics for Women in 2023 According to a Dietitian, 11 Best Probiotic Supplements for 2023, According to Dietitians, Bio-Kult Review: Products, Pros, Cons, and More, 3 Best Probiotics to Support Weight Loss, According to a Dietitian, 7 of the Best Probiotics That Are Safe for Kids. Bifidus is a strain of probiotic that can help boost your gut health. Listen to Uncover the Secret to a Super Gut with Dr. William Davis! sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Some studies have found that consuming probiotics daily may help to prevent yeast and other bacterial infections. Activia Dailies Probiotic Strawberry Yogurt Drink. The therapeutic potential of probiotics Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus yoghurt was assessed in Giardia infected mice. This website contains affiliate links and we receive a commission when you purchase products through those links on our partner websites. Skyr is known for its slightly sour taste. Lactobacillus bulgaricus is one of the species of bacteria naturally found in the human body, also known as normal flora. A similar six-week study found that L. acidophilus on its own had no effect (7). Yogurt is a dairy product, a result of bacterial fermentation of milk, which involves mainly two bacterias-Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Please Log In or add your name and email to post the comment. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Epub 2014 Nov 11, Supports a healthy immune system & microflora, Combats pathogenic bacteria; Improves metabolism. Epsom salt has been used as a natural remedy for hundreds of years. All of Siggis products consist of wholesome, natural ingredients and contain no artificial sweeteners. The most common form is called atopic dermatitis. People wishing to purchase yogurt containing probiotics should look out for brands that include a live and active cultures seal. The probiotic role of. This simple, single-strain lactobacillus has been proven to help digestive health, support immune . Here are 9 ways that Lactobacillus acidophilus can improve your. Lactose digestion from yogurt: Mechanism and relevance. 14 ways to lose weight without diet or exercise, reducing the symptoms of certain allergies. For an on-the-go yogurt, Activia goes down easily and provides the same powerful probiotic punch you'd get from their spoonable varieties . S. thermophilus is a powerful probiotic strain that is often in yogurt and cheese. When choosing a yogurt, Harvard Health Publishing recommends sticking with one that has less than 10 grams of sugar per serving. Unlike many the other types of yogurt with lactobacillus which contain artificial sweeteners, Siggis uses natural sugars like agave and sugar cane. Fox MJ, Can probiotic yogurt prevent diarrhoea in children on antibiotics? Your email address will not be published. All the isolated strains well tolerated the gastrointestinal stresses. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The World Health Organization defines probiotics as live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benet on the host (2). What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? A higher temperature can destroy the bacteria, while a cooler temperature can prevent fermentation. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. Below are 9 ways in which Lactobacillus acidophilus may benefit your health. However, its also found in a number of foods, particularly fermented foods. MCQ Online Mock Tests 30. However, the number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) in probiotic yogurt is often too low to provide therapeutic benefits. Background: Diarrhea disease is one of gastrointestinal disorders which is the second leading cause of death in children under five years. More specifically, the Academy points to the role probiotics play in managing the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. However, many other plant-based foods contain probiotics, including miso, Yogurt is packed with nutrients that can include calcium and magnesium, good bacteria, and protein. Laporan Praktikum fermentasi yoghurt prinsip kerja proses pembuatan yoghurt menggunakan susu difermentasi yang mengandung bakteri lactobacillus bulgaricus. Teas have been used as a natural remedy to soothe stomach upset for thousands of years. Read more: Yogurt Brands Containing Probiotics. (Answered). Every type of Dannon yogurt contains a combination of live and active cultures of lactobacillus acidophilus. The .gov means its official. Acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus), a bacterium found in the mouth, intestine and vagina, is used as a probiotic. Lactobacillus bacteria also break down lactose found in dairy products. 14 David Richard Hendarto, dkk./ J. Sains Dasar 2019 8 (1) 13 - 19 Copyright 2019, J. Sains Dasar, ISSN 2085-9872(print), ISSN 2443-1273(online) mengandung bakteri . Here are some common brands that have L. acidophilus: In order to help people differentiate between brands containing live cultures and those that dont, the National Yogurt Association (NYA) has created a live and active cultures seal. Here are 9 teas that help treat stomach problems. Lactobacillus yogurt refers to any type of yogurt product that is enriched with probiotic bacteria from the Lactobacillus genus. Furthermore, some of these older studies used probiotics that were originally thought to be L. acidophilus, but have since been identified as different species (37). MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. If taking a probiotic, its usually best to do so with a meal, ideally breakfast. Before you grab a spoon and dig in, you'll want to check the sugar and protein content. What Are the Benefits of Yogurt With Live Active Cultures? A large study in 231 newborn children given L. acidophilus for the first six months of life found no beneficial effect in cases of atopic dermatosis (49). People with SBS (Short Bowel Disease) should not take probiotics. Miyazaki said that the study demonstrated that daily consumption of the probiotic milk reduced gastrointestinal pain and dysfunction, as well as the feeling of being stressed out. Due to its ability to produce lactic acid and interact with your immune system, it may help prevent and treat symptoms of various diseases. L. acidophilus can support gut health by increasing the amounts of healthy bacteria in the intestines. A larger study in 47 children found similar results. Pestka JJ, Ha CL, Warner RW, Lee JH, Ustunol Z. J Food Prot. A similar study found that L. acidophilus, in combination with traditional medical therapy, significantly improved atopic dermatitis symptoms in children (48). improve digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Nevertheless, other studies have found no effect (31, 32). Ringel-Kulka T, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of synbiotic yogurt effect on the health of children. 2021 Mar 17;9(3):618. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030618. Gao H, Li X, Chen X, Hai D, Wei C, Zhang L, Li P. J Microbiol Biotechnol. Unfortunately, food manufacturers have overused the word probiotic, applying it to bacteria that havent been scientifically proven to have any specific health benefits. Diarrhea is also common in people who travel to different countries and are exposed to new foods and environments. Generally, lactobacilli are very good for gut health. In addition to probiotic supplements, L. acidophilus can be found naturally in a number of fermented foods, including sauerkraut, miso and tempeh. Journal of Dairy Science: Effect of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Lactis on Lipid Profile in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology: Effect of a Fermented Milk Combining Lactobacillus Acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus Casei in the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, University of Maryland Medical Center: Lactobacillus Acidophilus. Effect of probiotics on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: Implications for heart-healthy diets. A number of studies have shown that probiotics like L. acidophilus may help prevent and reduce diarrhea thats associated with various diseases (13). In order for a bacteria to be technically defined as a probiotic, it must . A study published in the "Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology" in November 2007 found that study participants given 1.6 to 3.5 ounces of a fermented milk product containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei each day during antibiotic treatment had a lower risk for antibiotic-associated diarrhea compared to a control group that wasn't given this supplemental food. Lactobacillus acidophilus or L. acidophilusis a probiotic (good bacteria). Yogurt is usually the only exception to the rule. Crush the tablets with a mortar and pestle or by putting into a plastic bag and crushing with a rolling pin or heavy bottle/glass until reduced to a coarse powder. A number of L. acidophilus probiotic supplements are available, either on their own or in combination with other probiotics. The Lactobacillus probiotic organisms live in a pH balance of 4 to 5 or lower. All rights reserved. J Microbiol Biotechnol. Thinking about adding probiotics to your childs diet but not sure where to begin? Lactose intolerance occurs when the body has a difficult time digesting the lactose found in a variety of dairy products. Research has shown that eating yogurt with these probiotics may help to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol. There is some evidence that probiotics may help you lose weight, especially when multiple species are consumed together. Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a probiotic bacterium that was first identified in 1905 by Dr. Stamen Grigorov of Bulgaria. It's also a great grab-and-go snack for when you need a quick pick-me-up. People can find Chobani products in major groceries and superstores across the United States. The project through its research has come up with a yoghurt processing technology that produces useful micro - organisms that can shield the body both communicable and non- communicable diseases. Eating yogurt is a simple way to add calcium and protein to your day. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a Gram-positive rod with rounded ends that occur as single cells, as well as in pairs or in short chains. Taking probiotics can also help to restore the good bacteria and reduce these symptoms. The present study therefore aims to investigate the combination of polydextrose (Litesse), L. acidophilus NCFM and B. lactis HN019 in a yogurt on intestinal transit in subjects who suffer from constipation. Siggis is an Icelandic style yogurt that is thick and creamy and contains less sugar than most other yogurts. It functions as a probiotic, balancing your internal bacterial population. FOIA It not only lowers the bad cholesterol, but it also helps raise the good cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein. According to the companys website, Noosa products are non-GMO and contain cows milk from local dairy farms. But he did not mention HOW MUCH of the WLP672 to use with 1 qt. L. acidophilus is one of the probiotics in yogurt thats responsible for reducing the lactose, making it easier for the body to digest. We avoid using tertiary references. Probiotics may be effective for weight loss, but more research is needed to determine whether L. acidophilus, in particular, has a significant effect on weight in humans. Caractersticas del Lactobacillus. Buying a yogurt with Lactobacillus and the NYA seal ensures that you will be eating refrigerated yogurt that contains at least 100 million cultures per gram at the time of manufacture or frozen yogurt that has 10 million cultures per gram. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Yet, both of the studies that examined this were quite small and would need to be replicated on a larger scale before any conclusions could be made (33, 34). 2022 Oct 28;32(10):1226-1233. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05041. Siggis sell a variety of yogurts from 0% non-fat to 4% whole-milk. Gholipour F, Amini M, Baradaran B, Mokhtarzadeh A, Eskandani M. Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 17;13(1):2860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29462-7. Chobani Less Sugar. Streptococcus Thermophilus is known as one of the more potent and powerful probiotic strains and has been well researched. eCollection 2022. Noosa is a yogurt brand that a company in northern Colorado produce. J Pediatr 2015 Jun;166(6):1475-81.e1-3. Yoplait is a household name for many people in the U.S. Yoplait manufacture a wide range of dairy products for people of all ages. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help There are several brands that meet the NYA criteria, which means, you should be able to find one that you like. In addition to L. acidophilus, the following probiotics may benefit peoples health: B. bifidum is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium, which is present in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and vagina. FAGE Yogurt. Corb Aron RA, Abid A, Vesa CM, Nechifor AC, Behl T, Ghitea TC, Munteanu MA, Fratila O, Andronie-Cioara FL, Toma MM, Bungau S. Microorganisms. Yogurt helps you meet the recommended daily intake levels for calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, vitamin B-12, pantothenic acid and riboflavin. Chapter 6 probiotics of the acidophilus group: O'Callaghan, A., & van Sinderen, D. (2016, June 15). Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids in rats and healthy adult male volunteers. Introduction Actually this experiment has already been performed. Probiotics are live bacteria that help the body absorb nutrients and maintain the right balance of helpful bacteria. However, in cases of certain vaginal disorders, other species of bacteria begin to outnumber lactobacilli (27, 28). Concept . When it comes to shopping for yogurt with Lactobacillus, the number of products to choose from is extensive. Dannon. Introduction: This article aims to describe yogurt lactobacillus, the most popular probiotic in the world. To begin making yogurt we need to slowly heat the milk up to 82C / 180F (not to a boil) stirring to avoid scorching the milk on the bottom of the pan. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. This may cause unpleasant symptoms, such as an upset stomach. A similar study found that L. acidophilus alone also reduced abdominal pain in IBS patients (23). $1.39. This is important for preserving a healthy ratio of good to bad bacteria in the human microbiome. In this article, we look at the brands of yogurt that contain L. acidophilus, its possible health benefits, and other potentially beneficial probiotics. A study published in the "Journal of Dairy Science" in July 2011 found that people who ate about 10.6 ounces of a yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis per day lowered their total cholesterol by . Anticancer properties of curcumin-treated Lactobacillus plantarum against the HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. L. acidophilus is a type of helpful bacteria found naturally in the body, usually in the: Its considered useful for human health purposes because it doesnt cause disease. metaphors about spring, inland faculty medical group provider dispute form, firex smoke alarm red light flashing every 10 seconds,
