Get access to more than 30 brands, premium video, exclusive content, events, mapping, and more. Thanks for the reply. In the body, cysteine is used to make glutathionea powerful, whole-body-relevant antioxidant involved in fighting free radicals, maintaining tissue integrity, and strengthening immune function, notes Doebrich. She expounds further: "Unlike vitamins, minerals, and some key phytonutrients, the question of ideal dosage for a bioactive like NAC is not a straightforward or easy one. If you are passionate about transforming healthcare through the power of functional medicine, we encourage you to learn more about our training programhere. Several supplements may ease neuropathy symptoms, like vitamin B, fish oil, curcumin, and more. Which is better sweet almond oil or almond oil. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using NAC supplements. NAC may be an effective aid for people with these conditions (18). Yes, one could just take GABA, but those two compounds have a slightly different mode of action and some people may respond better to one over the other. Is Lamb Healthy? The graduates of our program provide clients consultations. We appreciate your interest and exploration. This article lists 13 foods that have powerful anti-inflammatory effects to help lower chronic inflammation. Additionally, as far as dietary supplements go, NAC tends to play well with others. A standard dose is between 6001,800 milligrams per day, although higher doses around 2,000 milligram/day have also been shown to be safe. And whats a NAC and AMLA? Currently, he cannot get his body to fall asleep until 4am and then he wakes naturally by 8am. NAC has the ability to reduce mucus secretions and phlegm, as well as to reduce coughing, wheezing and trouble breathing. He had basic blood work in August by a primary care doctor. Here is a reference that may be of interest to you: What is NAC? Be cautious if you have legitimate issues with platelets, HDL, or iron. As bedtime nears, the brain should naturally make a smooth transition from predominantly glutamate to predominantly GABA,the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. "Also, at higher doses (i.e., again, several grams), NAC may help with athletic performance, but that research15 is equivocal and needs to shake out a bit more."*. Here are the 15 best foods to eat when sick with the cold, flu, nausea, or anything. However, when you think in more systemically and really look at what may be going on for your client through the FM lens, you may ask some deeper questions. *, Here's why that's crucial: The body's ability to make glutathione declines over time, starting between 45 and 50 years old2. In addition, theres evidence that it can be an adjunct treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (the fourth-leading cause of death in the U.S.) and emphysema. * These actions translate to 360-degree support for liver detoxification, skin health, immune function, brain health, mood, and healthy weight maintenance. Join Outside+ to get exclusive content, meal plans, training plans, and more. No problem. We dont expect you to become a nutritional expert, or read clinical studies to identify the most potent ingredients you can leave that to us. For example, mbg's daily detox+ is led by glutathione (a master antioxidant in the realm of detox support) and also contains N-acetyl-L-cysteinea vital player in the detoxification process that replenishes antioxidants in the body to promote healthy redox balance. The recommended dose of NAC is 600 mg per day, but this may be increased to 1,200 mg per day for certain medical conditions. In some sensitive individuals, mirtazapine could cause anxiety and restlessness on its own. Boosts brain health by regulating glutamate and replenishing glutathione, 6. Its not one-size-fit-all! NAC is likely safe for adults when provided as a prescription medication. For the majority of ailments mentioned: Take 500 mg three times a day. However, all these studies are relatively old, and more research is needed. High blood sugar and obesity contribute to inflammation in fat tissue. For example: NAC's ability to reduce homocysteine (i.e., a majorly important biomarker for cardiovascular health but also for whole-body methylation functions), as well as its blood-pressure-lowering benefits, have been clinically shown14 to occur at 1.8 grams (1,800 milligrams) of NAC supplementation,"* shares Ferira. I am currently taking 600mg NAC morning and before bed, with a full glass of water, or juice. Do you have any reasoning for taking at night that you can share? Speak with a doctor if you have any concerns about taking this supplement. Case in point: One of its main roles is to remove waste and toxins5 from your body. Could you attach links to how NAC and TUDCA affect platelets? Should they be taken on an empty stomach? There is a limited amount of data from the use of acetylcysteine in pregnant women. According to a 2020 scientific review13 from Frontiers, oxidative stress can disrupt the optimal metabolic functioning of fat cells, leading to greater energy stores. There is no specific dietary recommendation for cysteine because your body can produce small amounts. The first line of edible wellness, formulated by nutritional experts and cellular biologists. What is NAC used for? Overall, it is a safe supplement and well tolerated. It is usually taken in the morning, but it can be taken at night as well if you are having trouble sleeping. In contrast, nonessential amino acids can be produced by the body, even if your diet doesn't include all of them.). Im usually very good at keeping track of when I need to take it and making sure I dont miss a dose. This may contribute to mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance use disorder (8, 9, 10). NAC is an amino acid, something present in many foods, but supplements give you a higher dose than youd get in your daily diet. *, Glutathione levels are also closely related to mood and behavior, according to a 2020 study12 in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. But it takes time to build rapport and trust. All Rights Reserved, Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker. When inhaled, it can cause swelling in the mouth, runny nose, drowsiness, and chest tightness. *, The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress10, but prioritizing your body's antioxidant levels can protect it for years to come. $ 57.90. It is an antioxidant and can help to protect cells from damage. But hold on. This is why NAC injections are used to help reverse drug overdoses and toxicity. However, glutathione levels are strongly related to healthy tissue and organ function, and low levels can affect cellular (and thus, whole-body) health3. At higher dosages (i.e., 1,200 milligrams twice a day), NAC side effects may include gastrointestinal and skin concerns. Only using it once a day on empty stomach (morning) as no side effects doing this which is always a good thing when finding what the system will tolerate. adambeyoncelowe and Invisible Woman like this. protection against free radicals and toxins, NAC helps regulate and normalize levels of some neurotransmitters, helpful in all lung and respiratory tract disorders, NAC can benefit acute respiratory diseases, 9 Remedies that Ease Vaccine Side Effects, Physically and Emotionally Exhausted? NAC is involved in the regulation of the glutamatergic system. In recent years, the term "detox" has become synonymous with "cleanse"i.e., something you do occasionally and temporarily. When we are wide awake during the day, Glutamate is the dominant neurotransmitter which is stimulatory. My liver enzymes have only been abnormal once, and after a month and a half, AST/ALT were back around 20 when re-checked, and my gallbladder-like problems were seemingly gone. *, Due to its role in glutathione synthesis, NAC may even help maintain well-balanced emotions. These include: Additionally, it can be used to help cancer patients overcome the adverse effects associated with certain drugs and treatments. I have heard that it is better to take nac in the morning, but I am not sure if that is true. NAC is likely safe for adults when provided as a prescription medication. However, high amounts may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation ( 48 ). When inhaled, it can cause swelling in NAC is highly active in phase II detox pathways, making it an important player in the liver's detox actions.*. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive are affected by infertility. Therefore, maintaining optimal levels of glutathione throughout life is key for overall health and well-being.*. How long did you drink for and how much? All rights reserved. And while oxidative stress can affect the skin's natural defense system, the antioxidant actions of NAC and glutathione help support skin health8 by nurturing overall redox balance. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) While its safe for most people to take, some drug interactions and negative reactions are possible. If I miss a dose of NAC, Im not too worried. In addition to relieving COPD and bronchitis, NAC may improve other lung and respiratory tract conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis as well as symptoms of nasal and sinus congestion due to allergies or infections (23, 25). I have introduced Mag-Mind, as well as, taurine, however they do not seem to be helping him. Follow doctor recommendations regarding dosage and administration of these forms. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. NAC supplements are typically taken orally in capsule or tablet form. NAC has many health benefits, including replenishing antioxidants and nourishing your brain. Renowned for its ability to replenish levels of the antioxidant glutathione, it also regulates the important neurotransmitter glutamate. We can recommend working with a functional medicine-trained practitioner to help you get to the root cause of your sleep issues. It can help lengthen the time to fatigue, meaning that you dont get tired as fast due to NACs ability to manage lactic-acid build-up. If you are taking NAC for general wellness, you may not need to take it every day. Thank you for mentioning TUDCA in your post. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. The most important N-acetyl cysteine mechanisms of action are its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. When used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, NAC may also be given intravenously (by IV). Alas, we cannot provide advice on specific client cases in this venue. The benefits of NACto women, especially for fertility, offer a promising field of study. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519059/ N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the supplement form of the amino acid cysteine, can help the body create and use protective antioxidants, especially glutathione (the so-called master antioxidant). Its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect can further support fertility, because research shows that women with certain ovarian conditions have higher levels of oxidative stress. It can work within hours to help treat overdoses and toxicity when given intravenously. However, you'll absorb oral N-acetylcysteine supplements best if you take them on an empty stomach, at least an hour away from eating. Glutathione is one of your bodys most important antioxidants compounds that help neutralize free radicals that can damage cells and tissues in your body. Its essential for immune health and for fighting cellular damage. Web1 Bottle NAC. Animal studies suggest that NAC may slow the loss of thinking ability in people with Alzheimers disease (5, 26). Kirsten Nunez is a health and lifestyle journalist based in Beacon, New York. I have trouble with a racing mind and also staying asleep. It is commonly used to treat acne. sign up for Outside+.. NAC, or N-acetylcysteine, contains sulfur and is a derivative of the naturally occurring amino acid L-cysteine. All rights reserved. Required fields are marked *. These conditions tend to be worse at night when youre lying still and breathing more slowly. Interactions between your drugs No interactions were found between NAC and Vitamin C. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. In addition, NAC may improve fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by inducing or augmenting the ovulation cycle, although more research is needed (31). We wish you the very best on your healing journey. N-acetyl cysteine, the supplement form of cysteine, is an amino acid that helps the body create and use protective antioxidants. More research is needed, but well tell you what may, Eating the right foods can have major benefits when you're sick. Consuming adequate cysteine and NAC is important for a variety of health reasons, including for replenishing the most powerful antioxidant in your body, glutathione. NAC is an effective way to help treat emergency acetaminophen toxicity and acute liver failure. That way you're not left confused and worried later on. The recommended dose of NAC varies depending on the condition being treated. This takes at least a full hour after you take your supplement. Thus, when considering one or the other one could think of a much broader impact of taurine that also supports detoxification, bile formation, and can have an impact on heart rate, while GABA acts primarily on the nervous system. Additionally, NAC has been shown to reduce inflammation and improve lung function in people with asthma and other respiratory conditions. 5 Reasons to Add Lamb Meat to Your Diet, due to its dual role as a nucleophile and as a -SH donor, by performing hepatoprotective actions related to its antioxidant properties, regulating the expression of genes that are involved in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Himalaya for AMLA. Now, if you're unsure whether to take NAC morning or night, Engler has the answer: "There isn't an ideal time of day to take NAC. For people with bipolar disorder and depression, NAC may help decrease symptoms and improve overall ability to function. An older study in 468 men with infertility found that supplementing with 600 mg of NAC and 200 mcg of selenium for 26 weeks improved semen quality (30). mercury. I am working with a college student who is experiencing episodes of insomnia due to high levels of stress. As with any supplement, its important to talk to your doctor before taking NAC. Pregnancy. 200mg 5-HTP may be helpful for some and way too much for others and interacts with a number of medications. Basic Thyroid panel was normal but it did not test for antibodies. Another brain condition, Parkinsons disease, is characterized by the deterioration of cells that generate the neurotransmitter dopamine. NAC supplements can also help decrease withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse in people with cocaine addiction (14, 15). For example, NAC has complementary action with other antioxidants, such as vitamin Cwhich you can also find sourced from acerola fruit in mbg's daily detox+. NAC helps replenish glutathione, arguably your bodys most powerful antioxidant. We recommend you work with a practitioner skilled in understanding functional medicine interconnectedness who could help you assess and address the actual root causes (and thus best support remedies) in your unique case. Helping your clients to get quick relief increases their confidence in you as a practitioner and also their faith in their own ability to feel better and be truly well. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement that has many potential health benefits. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement that has many potential health benefits. With new clients, there are two high-impact symptoms that I prioritize and address rapidly and aggressively: constipationandinsomnia (or poor-quality sleep). What Happens If You Accidentally Took 2000 mg Of Tylenol At Once? NAC is available in 500-, 600-, 750- and and 1,000-milligram tablets. No interactions were found between magnesium oxide and NAC. She also creates recipes for food product packaging. While most protein-rich foods such as chicken, turkey, yogurt, cheese, eggs, sunflower seeds, and legumes contain cysteine, some people choose to supplement with NAC to increase their cysteine intake. NAC provides support of healthy antioxidant-versus-oxidant balance in the body, helping the immune system function optimally but also providing whole-body benefit.*, In fact, in a Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9clinical study9 involving postmenopausal women, a daily oral intake of 600 milligrams of NAC "provided significant support for immune defense, likely due to increasing white blood cells' (important cells to the immune system) glutathione reserves,"* notes Engler. NAC is typically taken orally in the form of capsules or tablets. While NAC may improve brain health, more human research is needed to make strong conclusions. I think NAC might compete with other amino acids, and would be more effective on an empty stomach. In one study, 35 men with varicocele received 600 mg of NAC per day for 3 months after surgery. She has a Master of Science in Nutrition from Texas Woman's University and Bachelor of Science in Dietetics from SUNY Oneonta. Accordingto the United States Department of Agriculture, Americans consume around 0.7 pounds NAD Supplement Benefits & Ways to Increase Levels Naturally, Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More. So, many of the health benefits of NAC stem from its multifunctional role in the body. Are the supplements likely to help? You may wish to explore this sleep hygiene further here;Read more . WebWhen To Take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Morning Or Night? NAC seems to be most effective for medium-intensity exercises. This is an interesting double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial of NAC and antidepressants: On the other hand, you may be taking NAC to help improve a lung condition. I'm very fit, but don't do steroids (ventured into TUDCA due to the damage of a couple years plus of every day inactivity and vodka). All information contained within this site including text, graphics, info graph, videos and any other material is to be used for educational purposes only and should NOT be substituted for professional medical advice. The neurological disorder Alzheimers disease slows down learning and memory capacity. In two studies, supplementing with NAC resulted in a significant increase in immune function, with an almost complete restoration of natural killer cells (40, 41). We appreciate you stopping by and sharing your personal experience. NAC plays an essential role in many systems. A test-tube study indicated that in other immune-compromised situations, such as the flu, NAC may hamper the viruss ability to replicate. *, As a powerhouse antioxidant and critical building block precursor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and its health benefits are worth calling out. The antioxidant properties of NAC and glutathione support overall liver function, and ultimately, detoxification. Its often used in conjunction with medications that may harm the internal organs. I always use Oregon Wild Harvest's blend usually for just 2 months whenever I run through some milk thistle, which has been 2 or 3 times a year. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine. It becomes essential only when dietary intake of methionine and serine is low. Kirsten specializes in nutrition, fitness, food, and DIY; her work has been featured in a variety of publications, including eHow, SparkPeople, and international editions of Cosmopolitan. Some people may have conditions that make it unsafe for them to take NAC. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. Also take into consideration that when your body is at rest, it can absorb nutrients at a greater capacity. They could interact with nitroglycerin, including blood thinners and certain blood pressure medicines. The combination of surgery and NAC supplementation improved semen integrity and partner pregnancy rate by 22% compared with the control group (29). Available over the counter for decades, NAC remains popular among health-conscious individuals looking for dietary support for respiratory health, detoxification, immune support, mood balance, athletic performance and female fertility, among a myriad of other science-backed benefits. warm bath, calming music, meditation, gratitude journaling, light and fun reading. Ashley Jordan Ferira, Ph.D., RDN is Vice President of Scientific Affairs at mindbodygreen. Subscribe and save 10%. However, you'll absorb oral N-acetylcysteine supplements * That said, glutathione precursors (such as NAC) may offer further mood support by helping to increase glutathione levels in the brain.*. To become wildly satisfied clients, they need to see major results and fast. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines apart from NACSYS 600 mg effervescent tablets, including medicines obtained without a prescription. An imbalance of glutamate is believed to Additionally, NAC helps your bodys detoxification system. *, Needless to say, NAC is right at home in mbg's daily detox+. NAC is considered semi-essential because your body can produce it from other amino acids, namely methionine and serine. I have been taking nac for a while now and I am not sure if I should take it in the morning or at night. When it comes to promoting detoxification, what is N-acetyl cysteine good for? As with any supplement, its important to talk to your doctor before taking NAC. All Rights Reserved. It destroys all cholesterol, which means both your good and bad. WebNac is a type of medication that is used to treat acne. Indeed, the liver is the body's primary detoxifying organ, so it's busy 24/7. In addition to protecting the organs from free radical damage, another use is helping control side effects associated with taking doses of certain medications/drugs, especially acetaminophen. Some conditions may require longer-term use of NAC before you see any improvement, so its important to take it consistently. The benefits go beyond just liver support. NAC injections can be given to reduce harmful effects of overdosing on the liver and kidneys. I was curious if anyone had any data or opinion on best time of day to take Milk Thistle(Nootropics Depot high potency), NAC, & TUDCA? The Kitchen Is the Heart of Good Health and Wellness. Look for NAC in capsules and tablets, alone or in combination with antioxidants, herbs, and other immune-supportive ingredients. Double Wood's TUDCA product, which is two capsules (500mg) upon waking without food. Whats more, research suggests that it may play a role in treating moderate to severe OCD (11, 12). *, NAC's anti-inflammatory and vasodilative properties also support brain health11 via vasculature and blood flow, which is critical for delivering oxygen, nutrients, and other bioactives to the brain, says Ferira. But here's the thing: Detoxification simply doesn't work that way. NAC is likely safe for adults when provided as a prescription medication. Can NAC cause liver damage? NAC can reduce oxidative damage to your heart, which can, in turn, decrease your risk of heart disease. Bronchitis occurs when the mucous membranes in your lungs bronchial passageways become inflamed, swell, and shut off airways to your lungs (23). This is why its recommended as a potential treatment for different disorders resulting from free oxygen radicals, such as liver disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons and even cancer. Likewise, an animal study suggested that NAC may minimize negative effects of schizophrenia, such as social withdrawal, apathy, and reduced attention spans (13). Short for N-acetyl-cysteine, NAC is the supplement form of an amino acid called cysteine thats found in high-protein foods, such as beef, eggs, dairy and legumes. Both oxidative damage to cells and a decrease in antioxidant ability contribute to this disease. This factor has been studied most in people with HIV. May improve mental health conditions and substance use disorder, 4. Here are 10 of the best ways to increase your glutathione levels naturally. NAC may help improve fertility in men by reducing oxidative stress that damages or kills reproductive cells. I have tried everything, including taurine, which actually made the insomnia worse. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also known as Acetylcysteine is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose,. I know that nac is a powerful antioxidant and it can help to detoxify the body, so I want to make sure that I am taking it at the best time. As a result, it is preferable to take NAC in the morning rather than at night. Together, these ingredients optimize the anti-oxidative power of the individual ingredients. Diesel fumes can also cause breathing problems and worsen asthma. And if you follow a vegan or vegetarian diet, you may benefit from an NAC supplement, since the most concentrated food sources of cysteine are animal-based. I know that its not the end of the world and that I can just take it as soon as possible. Its antioxidant properties be beneficial for numerous other ailments caused by oxidative stress, such as heart disease, infertility, and some mental health conditions (2). Your email address will not be published. NAC itself boasts major antioxidant properties, as it works to scavenge free radicals and improve our redox status for cellular protection and longevity. Similarly, older test-tube studies have linked NAC to cancer cell death and blocked cancer cell replication (44, 45). Indeed, it sounds that you would benefit from a thorough functional medicine assessment to get to the root cause of your sleep issues and also help you navigate the various supplement combinations. My iron is tip top, but I try to eat stuff like eggs at least once a week because my HDL has stayed weirdly on the low end almost two years removed from alcoholism. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) When we expose our brains to highly stimulatory activity such as video games, unsettling email, stressful discussions, or alarming/violent television, we promote more secretion of the stimulatory neurotransmitter glutamate. 2009 - 2023 MindBodyGreen LLC. Before it can go to work to help your body function at its best, NAC needs to be converted into L-Glutathione. Mucus tends to build up in the lungs, making you short of breath in the morning and potentially disturbing your sleep. For example, the recommended dose for acetaminophen overdose is 150 mg/kg taken every 6 hours for 72 hours. Nothing appeared out of sorts. By helping replenish the antioxidant glutathione and regulate glutamate, NAC has the potential to treat conditions such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease. content and be notified of our popular, monthly Facebook Lives. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Its particularly been shown to have positive therapeutic impacts on psychiatric syndromes that are either characterized by oxidative stress or impulsivity and compulsivity. NAC supplements are the all-star of antioxidant formulas due to their wide application and health benefits. Animal studies show that NAC may stabilize blood sugar by decreasing inflammation in fat cells and thereby improving insulin resistance (33, 34). NAC is being done away with, so buy it where you can. We take the highest-quality collagen and fortify it with our unique Dipeptide boosted blend to give you the power to help choose the body you want. *Coupons and special offers are not valid with Buy with Prime Orders. Here are a couple of publications that you may be interested in to get a deeper understanding of how mirtazapine works and what to watch out for: Create a personalized feed and bookmark your favorites. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a supplement form of cysteine, a semi-essential amino acid. "*, "NAC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, [so] it can aid the immune system,"* shares Doebrich. If you choose to take it, consult your doctor first. Clinical studies show there are several ways in which NAC can help defend against certain types of cancer. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Erythritol: Is This Healthy Sweetener the Real Deal? Overall, its a very safe compound. https://afmccertification.com/. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Ability to boost glutathione levels may improve immune function, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Dominique Fontaine, BSN, RN, HNB-BC, HWNC-BC, The 15 Best Foods to Eat When Youre Sick, 10 Natural Ways to Increase Your Glutathione Levels, 13 of the Most Anti-Inflammatory Foods You Can Eat. Shop risk-free with Body Kitchen's 30-Day Happiness Guarantee. The best time to take them is at night before bed and in the morning, about 20 minutes before Moreover, do you have blood results showing this? However, if it makes you a bit queasy, try adding it into a small meal to prevent any unpleasant GI effects. Enter: The antioxidant abilities of NAC and glutathione, which can help protect nerve cells (and therefore, nerve function) by quelling oxidative stress. She has a Master of Science in Nutrition from Texas Woman's University and Bachelor of Science in Dietetics from SUNY Oneonta. Are there any other issues than sleep itself; how are his digestion and blood sugar balance; is it possible that his cortisol is high in the evening, and if so what is the driver for that; is there a significant toxic load that the body is struggling with; does he need more of psychological support for trauma or being overly worried about his health; is his lifestyle predominantly sympathetic, if so what needs to change.
